Tordylium maximum L.

Posted byTrajche DimitrovskiPosted inApiaceae, Plant families

Taxonomy: Apiaceae// Genus: Tordylium// Species: Tordylium maximum L.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Tutin (1968 in Tutin at al., Umbelliferae: key to genera and Tordylium L.), Matevski (2005, Umbelliferae: key to genera) and Micevski (2005 in Matevski, Tordylium L.).

Lifeform: Annual (therophyte according to the Raunkiær system) or biennial.

Distribution in Europe: Native to East Central and South Europe to Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Grasslands/pastures, sparce woods.

Flowering period: Summer (JUN, JUL).

Locality: Hilly region near village of Beli.

Tordylium maximum  – habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – habit. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – flowering stems with inflorescences. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – flowers. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence with fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – stem and upper cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – stem and upper cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – lower cauline leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – adaxial side of leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – abaxial side of leaf. Hilly region near village of Beli, 18.06.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.

Tordylium maximum  – habit at senescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – habit at senescence. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – habit at senescense. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – fruits. Hilly region near village of Beli, 23.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Locality: hilly region near Kochani.

Tordylium maximum  – habit in habitat. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – habit. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence with bracts and bracteoles. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence with fruits. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – inflorescence with fruits. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – branch with developing inflorescence. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – cauline leaf. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – cauline leaf. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – cauline leaf. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – lower cauline leaf. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.
Tordylium maximum  – stem. Hills near Kochani, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajce Dimitrovski.

References:

Matevski, V. 2005. Umbelliferae (key to genera), The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. I, Book 6. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1529–1534.

Micevski, K. 2005. Tordylium L. In Matevski, V. (ed.), The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. I, Book 6. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1643–1646.

Tordylium maximum. Hand, R. 2011+: Apiaceae. – In: Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published at https://europlusmed.org/. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/74b37814-b665-4025-a6f0-37cead7ddc9d [Accessed 10.01.2026].

Tordylium maximum L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:849474-1 [Accessed 01.09.2021].

Tutin, T. G. 1986. Tordylium L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 367.

Tutin, T. G. 1968. Umbelliferae (key to genera). In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 315–319.

Last update: 10.01.2026.