The Osogovo region is located in the center of the Balkan Peninsula, one of Europe’s most important centers of biodiversity and endemism. This geographic position, combined with the region’s varied terrain and diverse microclimates and habitats has allowed for the persistence of many species with restricted ranges.
Three strict local endemics (stenoendemics) are currently known from the Osogovo region: Dianthus ernesti-mayeri Micevski et Matevski, Genista fukarekiana Micevski & E. Mayer and Verbascum lesnovoensis Micevski.
The majority of endemic plants in Osogovo belong to the Balkan endemics group. Although these taxa extend beyond Osogovo itself, their presence here contributes to the ecological and biogeographical value of the mountain.
The Balkan endemics are species found strictly within the borders of the Balkan Penisula, with northern border along the Danube River up to Southern Romania (Dobrogea Region). They are found in varying distribution ranges across the region.
As research in the Balkans and surrounding regions results with new distribution data for the Balkans endemics, there may be changes concerning their endemic status. For example, Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. was originally described as new species by August Griesebach (Spicilegium florae rumelicae et bithynicae, 1844) from the territory of North Macedonia with locus classicus in Shar Mountain. It has since been discovered in a wider region of the Balkan Peninsula and outside the Balkan borders well into Romania north of the Danube in Oltenia (Yildiz, Dirmmenci and Arabaci, 2018). However, it is still commonly regarded as Balkan endemic. There are similar examples with many other taxa regarded as Balkan endemics (Achillea pseudopectinata Janka, Bupleurum apiculatum Friv., Dianthis viscidus Bory & Chaub., Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. etc.) with predominantly Balkan distribution, stretching more or less into the surrounding regions. Since they occur outside of the strict Balkan borders, they are treated as and listed along with the species with a wider distribution (Carpatho-Balkan, Balkano-Anatolian etc). For example, Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. is listed as species with Carpato-Balkan distribution.
Additionally, certain taxa once considered Balkan endemics, such as Angelica pancicii Vandas, have undergone taxonomic revisions and are now regarded as conspecific with more widely distributed species.
Viola gracilis Sm., originally considered a Balkano-Anatolian element stretching from Albania to Northeast Anatolia, is now considered to be erroneously reported for much of it’s reported Balkan range according to The Euro+Med Plantbase (Raab-Straube & Henning, 2018+).
Table 1. List of stenoendemic plants from the Osogovo region.
| Name | Family | Euro+Med | Endemism | Reference |
| Dianthus ernesti-mayeri Micevski et Matevski | Caryophyllaceae | No entry | Stenoendemic | Micevski, K. and Matevski, V. (2001). Dianthus ernesti-mayeri Micevski & Matevski spec. nov v flori Republike Makedonije. Razprave, IV. Razreda, SAZU, 42(3):153-158, Ljubljana, Slovenija. |
| Genista fukarekiana Micevski & E. Mayer | Fabaceae | Accepted | Stenoendemic | Micevski, K. (2001). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 5. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts. |
| Verbascum lesnovoensis Micevski | Scrophulariaceae | No entry | Stenoendemic | Micevski, K. 1996: Verbascum lesnovoensis Micevski spec. nov. vo florata na Republika Makedonija. Prilozi MANU, Odd. biol. med. nauki 17(1–2): 17–24. |
Table 2. List of Balcan endemic plants recorded in the Osogovo region.
| Name | Family | Habitat | Chorology | Sources |
| Acer hyrcanum subsp. intermedium (Pančić) Bornm. | Sapindaceae | Oak and Europeran beech forests at c. 900 – 1400 m altititude. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Alchemilla bulgarica Rothm | Rosaceae | Mountain pastures, c. 1600 m. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Alkanna stribrnyi Velen. | Boraginaceae | Rocky terrains, river gorges al lower altitudes. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Anchusa officinalis subsp. intacta (Griseb.) Selvi & Bigazzi | Boraginaceae | Hill pastures, river gorges, clearings of forests, roadsides. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Anthemis macedonica Boiss. & Orph. | Compositae | Rocky terrains and river gorges. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Armeria rumelica Boiss. | Plumbaginaceae | Open habitats – pastures, rocky terrains, river gorges, sparse woods and edges of forests from the lowest parts up to c. 1600 m altitude. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Asyneuma anthericoides (Janka) Bornm. | Campanulaceae | Calcareous hill pastures. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO Sârbu, Sârbu and Mihail (2009) |
| Campanula scutellata Griseb. | Campanulaceae | Rocky terrains and hill pastures. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Centaurea graeca Griseb. | Compositae | Hill pastures and clearings of oak forests. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Centaurea grisebachii (Nyman) Heldr. | Compositae | Pastures, rocky terrains and clearings of forests. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Cephalaria flava (Sibth. & Sm.) Szabó | Dipsacaceae | Edges of oak forests. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Cerastium rectum Friv. subsp. rectum | Caryophyllaceae | Clearings and edges of oak forests. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Cirsium appendiculatum Griseb. | Compositae | Along mountain streams, from c. 1100 m altitude up to the subalpine belt. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Cirsium ligulare subsp. albanum Wettst. | Compositae | Mountain pastures. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum (Velen.) Petr. | Compositae | Pastures from the lowland up to c. 1600 m altitude. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Colchicum doerfleri Halácsy | Colchicaceae | Rocky terrains, river gorges, hill pastures. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Crocus veluchensis Herb. | Iridaceae | Subalpine pastures from 1450 m up to the highest peaks. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Crucianella graeca Boiss. | Rubiaceae | Hill pastures in the lower parts. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Cyanus austrobalcanicus subsp. prisadanus Skokanová. | Compositae | Mountain pastures, clearings of European beech forests. | Bal | Euro+Med Skokanová et al. (2019) Niketić et al. (2020) |
| Cyanus orbelicus (Velen.) Soják. | Compositae | Subalpine pastures around the highest peaks. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO Skokanová et al. (2019) |
| Cytisus eriocarpus Boiss. (syn. Chamaecytisus absinthioides (Janka) Kuzmanov) | Fabaceae | Scrub, edges and clearings of forests, from 800 m altitude up to the highest peaks. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Delphinium balcanicum Pawł. | Ranunculaceae | Hill pastures and rocky terrains. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Dianthus gracilis subsp. armerioides (Griseb.) Tutin | Caryophyllaceae | River gorges, rocky terrains. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Dianthus gracilis Sm. subsp. gracilis | Caryophyllaceae | River gorges, rocky terrains. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Dianthus microlepis Boiss. | Caryophyllaceae | Subalpine pastures from 1700 m up to the highest peaks. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Dichoropetalum oligophyllum (Griseb.) Pimenov & Kljuykov (syn. Peucedanum aequiradium Velen.) | Apiaceae | Subalpine pasture and clearings of forests, from c. 1450 m altitude above. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Galium macedonicum Krendl | Rubiaceae | Hill pastures and rocky terrains. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Fritillaria gussichiae (Degen & Dörfl.) Rix | Liliaceae | Pastures, clearings and edges of forests, sparse woods in the oak forests belt, up to c. 1200 m altitude. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Hieracium chalcidicum subsp. divaricatum (Fr.) Greuter (syn. Hieracium pilosissimum Friv.) | Compositae | Edges of oak forests, on rocky ground. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Hieracium heldreichii Boiss. | Compositae | Edges of European beech forests. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Malabaila involucrata Boiss. & Spruner | Apiaceae | Hill pastures. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Myosotis suaveolens Willd | Boraginaceae | Subalpine pastures. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Paronychia albanica subsp. graeca Chaudhri | Caryophyllaceae | Rocky terrains. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Paronychia macedonica Chaudhri subsp. macedonica | Caryophyllaceae | Calcareous rocks. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Pastinaca hirsuta Pančić | Apiaceaae | Clearings of European beech forests. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Petrorhagia obcordata (Margot & Reut.) Greuter & Burdet. | Caryophyllaceae | Pastures and clearings of oak forests at lower altitudes. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Pinguicula balcanica Casper | Lentibulariaceae | Wet habitats in the subalpine belt. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Polygala supina subsp. rhodopea (Velen.) McNeill (syn. Polygala rhodopea (Velen.) Janch.) | Polygalaceae | Rocky terrains. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Potentilla tridentula Velen. | Rosaceae | Calcareous hill pastures. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Scabiosa triniifolia Friv. | Dipsacaceae | Hill pastures, mountain pastures, rocky terrains, river gorges, up to c. 1600 m altitude. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Sedum stefco Stef. | Crassulaceae | Rocky terrains from c. 800 up to 1400 m altitude. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Sedum tuberiferum Stoj. & Stef. | Crassulaceae | Rock cliffs and river gorges. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Sempervivum ciliosum Craib | Crassulaceae | Rocky terrains, cliffs and river gorges. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Silene asterias Griseb. | Caryophyllaceae | Wet habitats in the subalpine belt, around the highest peaks. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Silene frivaldszkyana Hampe | Caryophyllaceae | Open and dry terrains – pastures and scrubland up to c.1000 m altitude. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Silene sendtneri subsp. balcanica (Formánek) Greuter (syn. Silene roemeri subsp. balcanica Form.) | Caryophyllaceae | Pastures, shrubland, clearings and edges of forests. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Silene waldsteinii Griseb | Caryophyllaceae | Edges and clearings of European beech forests, pastures in the subalpine belt. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Stachys plumosa Griseb. | Lamiaceae | River gorgers, hill pastures, sparce woods up to c. 800 m. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Stachys scardica (Griseb.) Hayek | Lamiaceae | Clearings and edges of oak forests and woods, pastures, 800 -1400 m. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Scrophularia aestivalis Griseb. | Scrophulariaceae | Rocky terrains, rock cliffs and cervices, from c. 800 up to 1600 m altitude. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Soldanella pindicola Hausskn. | Primulaceae | Wet habitats in the subalpine belt below “Carev vrv” peak at c.1800 – 1900 m altitude. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Thesium macedonicum Hendrych | Santalaceae | Calcareous hill pastures. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Thymus comptus Friv. | Lamiaceae | Rocky terrains. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Trifolium medium subsp. balcanicum Velen. | Fabaceae | Clearings and edges of oak and European beech forest, pastures, from c. 800 m altitude up to the subalpine belt. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Trifolium pignantii Fauché & Chaub. | Fabaceae | Clearings and edges of oak forest. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Trifolium trichopterum Pančić | Fabaceae | Edges and clearings of oak and European beech forests, on rocky and stony ground, eroded soil – up to c. 1500 m altitude. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Trifolium velenovskyi Vandas | Fabaceae | Pastures, edges and clearings of oak and European beech forests. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Verbascum glabratum subsp. bosnense (K. Malý) Murb. | Scrophulariaceae | Oak forests. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Viola orbelica Pančić | Violaceae | Subalpine pastures. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Viola tricolor subsp. macedonica (Boiss. & Heldr.) A. F. W. Schmidt (syn. Viola macedonica Boiss. & Heldr.) | Violaceae | Clearings and edges of oak forests. | Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
Table 3. List of species with a wider distribution in the Balkan Peninsula and surrounding regions.
| Name | Family | Habitat | Chorology | Sources |
| Achillea coarctata Poir. | Compositae | Hill pastures, rocky terrains in the lower part of the mountain. | Pont-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Achillea pseudopectinata Janka (syn. Achillea depressa Janka) | Compositae | Hill pastures, rocky terrains in the lower part of the mountain. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Achillea grandifolia Friv. | Compositae | Edges of oak forests | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Achillea lingulata Waldst. & Kit. | Compositae | Subalpine pastures. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Asphodeline liburnica (Scop.) Rchb. | Xanthorrhoeaceae | Hill pastures and clearings of oak forests. | Apen-Bal-Lev | Euro+Med POWO |
| Astragalus spruneri Boiss. | Fabaceae | Calcareous hill pastures. | Carp-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Atocion lerchenfeldianum (Baumg.) M. Popp (syn. Silene lerchenfeldiana Baumg.) | Caryophyllaceae | Rocks, rock cliff and cervices. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Aurinia saxatilis subsp. orientalis (Ard.) T. R. Dudley (syn. Alyssum saxatile subsp. orientale (Ard.) Rech. fil.) | Brassicaceae | Rocky terrains. | Carp-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Bruckenthalia spiculifolia (Salisb.) Rchb. | Ericaceae | Subalpine pastures. | Carp-Bal-Pont-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Bupleurum apiculatum Friv. | Apiaceae | Hill pastures. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Cachrys cristata DC. (syn. Hippomarathrum cristatum (DC.) Boiss.) | Apiaceae | Hill pastures. | Apen-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Campanula phrygia Jaub. & Spach | Campanulaceae | Hill pastures, rocky terrains, clearings of forests. | E.Med. | Euro+Med POWO |
| Campanula sparsa Friv. subsp. sparsa | Campanulaceae | Edges of oak forests. | Pan-Carp-Bal | POWO Euro+Med |
| Centaurea cuneifolia subsp. pallida (Friv.) Hayek | Compositae | Edges and clearings of oak forests, roadsides. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. | Compositae | Clearings of oak and European beech forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Comandra umbellata subsp. elegans (Spreng.) Piehl (syn. Comandra elegans (Rochel ex Reichenb.) Reichenb.) | Santalaceae | Hill pastures and clearings of oak forests. | Carp-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Crocus chrysanthus (Herb.) Herb. | Iridaceae | Pastures, oak and European beech forests, from the lowland up to c. 1500 m altitude. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO Anastasiu et al. (2021) |
| Crocus flavus Weston | Iridaceae | Oak forests. | Carp-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO Anastasiu et al. (2021) |
| Dianthus illyricus subsp. haynaldianus (Janka) Fassou & al. (syn. Petrorhagia illyrica subsp. haynaldiana (Janka) P. W. Ball & Heywood) | Caryophyllaceae | Rocky terrains, river gorges, hill pastures. | Apen-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Dianthus pinifolius Sm. subsp. pinifolius | Caryophyllaceae | Rocky terrains, river gorges. | Pont-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med |
| Dianthus pinifolius subsp. serbicus Wettst. | Caryophyllaceae | Rocky terrains, clearings of oak forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Dianthus viscidus Bory & Chaub. subsp. viscidus | Caryophyllaceae | Pastures and clearings of oak forests, up to c. 900 m altitude. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Euphorbia barrelieri subsp. thessala (Formánek) Bornm. | Euphorbiaceae | Rocky terrains and hill pastures. | Apen-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Galium pseudaristatum Schur | Rubiaceae | Edges of oak forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO Kliment et al. (2016) |
| Genista carinalis Griseb. | Fabaceae | Clearings of oak forests. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Genista depressa M. Bieb | Fabaceae | Subalpine pastures and clearings of European beech forests. | Pont-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Gentianella bulgarica (Velen.) Holub | Gentianaceae | Subalpine pastures. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Geum coccineum Sibth. & Sm. | Rosaceae | Wet habitats from c.1400 m up to the highest peaks. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Geum molle Vis. & Pančić | Rosaceae | Subalpine pastures. | Apen-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Gymnadenia frivaldii Hampe ex Griseb. (syn. Pseudorchis frivaldii (Hampe ex Griseb.) P. F. Hunt) | Orchidaceae | Wet habitats in the subalpine belt. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Hypericum maculatum subsp. immaculatum (Murb.) A. Fröhl. | Hypericaceae | Supalpine pastures and clearings of European beech forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Hypericum montbretii Spach | Hypericaceae | Edges and clearings of oak forests. | Balk-SW.As | Euro+Med POWO |
| Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. | Hypericaceae | Bushlands, clearings and edges of oak forests, rocky terrains, river gorges. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Hypericum olympicum L. | Hypericaceae | Open and dry habitats – rocky terrains, hill pastures, edges and clearings of forests. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Iris reichenbachii Heuff. | Iridaceae | Hill pastures, rocky terrains, bushland, edges and clearings of forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Jacobaea abrotanifolia subsp. carpathica (Herbich) B. Nord. & Greuter (syn. Senecio abrotanifolius subsp. carpathicus (Herbich) Nyman) | Compositae | Subalpine pastures. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO Kliment et al. (2016) |
| Jasione heldreichii Boiss. & Orph. | Campanulaceae | Open and dry habitats – rocky terrains, hill pastures, edges and clearings of forests | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med |
| Jasione jankae Neilr. | Campanulaceae | Mountain pastures, rocky terrains, edges and clearings of European beech forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med |
| Jovibarba heuffelii (Schott) Á. Löve & D. Löve | Crassulaceae | Rocky terrains, rock cliffs. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Lamium bifidum subsp. balcanicum Velen. | Lamiaceae | River gorges, edges and clearings of oak forests, roadsides. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Linum hologynum Rchb. | Linaceae | Pastures, clearings and edges of forests from c. 900 up to 1600 m. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Moenchia graeca Boiss. & Heldr. | Caryophyllaceae | Open and dry habitats – rocky terrains and hill pastures. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO Keskin (2021) |
| Noccaea kovatsii (Heuff.) F. K. Mey. (syn. Thlaspi kovatsii Heuff.) | Brassicaceae | Subalpine pastures and clearings of European beech forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO Kliment et al. (2016) |
| Nonea pallens Petrovič | Boraginaceae | Pastures and disturbed ground. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Odontarrhena chalcidica (Janka) Španiel & al. (syn. Alyssum subvirescens Form.) | Brassicaceae | Clearings of forests, pastures. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Onosma heterophylla Griseb. | Boraginaceae | Hill pastures, rocky terrains, clearings of oak forests. | Carp-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Podocytisus caramanicus Boiss. & Heldr. | Fabaceae | Open oak woods. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Potentilla aurea subsp. chrysocraspeda (Lehm.) Nyman (syn. Potentilla ternata Koch) | Rosaceae | Subalpine pastures. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med |
| Ptilostemon afer (Jacq.) Greuter | Compositae | Clearings of forests, roadsides. | Carp-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Pulmonaria rubra Schott | Boraginaceae | Edges of forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO Kliment et al. (2016) |
| Ranunculus rumelicus Griseb. | Ranunculaceae | Edges of oak forests. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Salvia amplexicaulis Lam. | Lamiaceae | Pastures, clearings and edges of oak forests. | Apen-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Sempervivum erythraeum Velen. | Crassulaceae | Rocky terrains, rock cliffs. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Scrophularia canina subsp. bicolor (Sibth. & Sm.) Greuter | Scrophulariaceae | Hill pastures. | Apen-Bal-Pont | Euro+Med POWO |
| Sideritis lanata L. | Lamiaceae | Rocky terrains, river gorges, hill pastures. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Silene gigantea subsp. rhodopea (Janka) Greuter | Caryophyllaceae | River gorges, rocky terrains, hill pastures. | Bal-Anat?-Lev | Euro+Med POWO Du Pasquier et al. (2015) |
| Syringa vulgaris L. | Oleaceae | River gorges, rocky terrains, oak forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Taraxacum haussknechtii Hausskn. | Compositae | River gorges, rocky terrains, hill pastures. | Bal-Lev | Euro+Med POWO |
| Thymus sibthorpii Benth. | Lamiaceae | Clearings and edges of oak and European beech forests, pastures, up to c. 1600 m altitude. | Carp-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
| Tragopogon balcanicus Velen. | Compositae | Clearings and edges of oak and European beech forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med POWO |
| Trifolium tenuifolium Ten. | Fabaceae | Pastures. | Apen-Bal-Anat | Euro+Med |
| Verbascum nigrum subsp. abietinum (Borbás) I. K. Ferguson | Scrophulariaceae | Edges and clearings of forests. | Carp-Bal | Euro+Med |
| ?Viola gracilis Sm. | Violaceae | Subalpine pastures. | Bal-Anat | Euro+Med POWO |
Table 4. List of dubious/disputed taxa.
| Taxon | Euro+Med status | POWO status |
| Angelica pancicii Vandas | Synonym of Angelica sylvestris L. | Synonym of Ostericum palustre (Besser) Besser |
| Campanula sparsa subsp. frivaldskyi (Steud.) Hayek | Synonym of Campanula sparsa Friv. | Synonym of Campanula sparsa Friv. |
| Campanula sparsa subsp. sphaerothrix (Griseb.) Hayek | Synonym of Campanula sparsa Friv. | Accepted POWO |
| Campanula jordanovii Ančev & Kovanda | Synonym of Campanula rotundifolia L. | Accepted POWO |
| Cytisus rectipilosus Adam | No entry | Synonym of Cytisus agnipilus Velen. |
| Thymus pseudoatticus Ronniger ex Hayek | Synonym of Thymus striatus Vahl | Synonym of Thymus striatus subsp. acicularis (Waldst. & Kit.) |
| Verbascum adamovicii Velen. | Synonym of Verbascum phlomoides L. | Accepted POWO |
The species names are given as accepted in the Euro+Med PlantBase (https://europlusmed.org/). For the species that were determined under a different name, the corresponding synonym is also stated.
Chorology abbreviations: Anat = Anatolian; Apen= Apennine; Bal = Balkan; Carp = Carpathian; E.Med= East Mediterranean; Lev = Levant; Pan = Panonnian; Pon = Pontic; SW.As = Southwest Asia;
Main sources used for distribution of species are The Euro+Med Plantbase (abr. Euro+Med) https://europlusmed.org/ and the Plants of the World Online portal (abr. POWO) https://powo.science.kew.org/. Additional sources are cited under Literature.
Literature:
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Borovečki-Voska, Lj., Randić, M., Šegota, V., Alegro, A. (2021): New localities of Cirsium candelabrum (Asteraceae) in Croatia. Glas. Hrvat. bot. druš. 9(2): 95-103.https://doi.org/10.46232/glashbod.9.2.4 [Accessed 10.09.2025].
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