Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Lapsana// Species: Lapsana communis L.// Subspecies: Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora (Boiss.) Rech. f.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Sell (1976 in Tutin et al.).
Lifeform: Annual according to Sell (1976 in Tutin et al.). In the Osogovo region this subspecies shows a biennial habit with two stages of the life cycle: vegetative stage in the first year characterized with a formation of basal rosette, and generative stage in the second year when the flowering and fruiting occur.
Distribution:Lapsana communis is native to Macaronesia, Europe to Siberia and Iran; Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora is native to Italy, Central and Southeast Europe to Transcaucasus according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: The plant prefers somewhat shaded areas and disturbed ground- near paths, orchards, among trees.
Flowering period: Summer (JUN, JUL).
Locality: gorge of the Kochanska River. Date: 28.05.2025.
Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – upper part of plant with capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – upper part of plant with capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – side view of capitula and involucral bracts. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – involucral bracts of capitula and peduncles. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – peduncles. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – upper cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – upper cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – stem and leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – stem and leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – stem and leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – stem and leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – lower leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: gorge of the Kochanska River. Date: 20.06.2021.
Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – fruiting capitulums with achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – fruiting capitulums with achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – upper leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – middle cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – middle cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – stem and leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora – lower part of plant. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: gorge of the Kochanska River. Date: 20.12.2020.
Lapsana communis – plants in vegetative stage (basal rosette) in the first year of the life cycle. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.12.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Lapsana communis – plant in vegetative stage (basal rosette) in the first year of the life cycle. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.12.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Lapsana communis – plant in vegetative stage (basal rosette) in the first year of the life cycle. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.12.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Lapsana communis – basal leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.12.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sell, P. D. 1976. Lapsana L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 334.
