Dianthus viscidus Bory & Chaub. subsp. viscidus

Taxonomy: Fam. Caryophyllaceae// Genus: Dianthus// Species: Dianthus viscidus Bory & Chaub.// Subspecies: Dianthus viscidus Bory & Chaub. subsp. viscidus

Determined according to the keys provided by Micevski (1993) and Tutin in Tutin et al. (1964).

Distribution: Dianthus viscidus Bory & Chaub. is native to the Balkan Peninsula – Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia and European Turkey; Dianthus viscidus Bory & Chaub. subsp. viscidus is native to North Macedonia according to the distribution information provided by The Euro+Med PlantBase (Marhold, 2011+).

Lifeform: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Habitat: In the Osogovo region it is found from the mountain foot up to c. 950 m altitude in open and dry habitats – rocky terrains, grassland, shrubland, clearings of mixed oak forests.

Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.

*Dianthus viscidus* – habit in habitat. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 05.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – habit. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 05.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – upper part of plant with inflorescences. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 05.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – inflorescence. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 05.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – flowers. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 05.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – flower. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 05.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – stem with cauline leaves. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 05.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – plant base and stems with lower cauline leaves. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 05.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – habit in habitat. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – flower buds. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – flower. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – habit in habitat. Osogovo, in the vicinity of “Saint Panteleimon” monastery, Osogovo Mountains, 23.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – flower. Osogovo, in the vicinity of “Saint Panteleimon” monastery, Osogovo Mountains, 23.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* – flowers. Osogovo, in the vicinity of “Saint Panteleimon” monastery, Osogovo Mountains, 23.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* (habit in peak flowering). Osogovo, near vilage of Beli, 06.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* (inflorescence). Osogovo, near vilage of Beli, 06.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

**Figure 11.** *Dianthus viscidus* (flower). Osogovo, near vilage of Beli, 06.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* (flowers). Specimen found in Osogovo, near vilage of Beli, 06.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* (epicalyx scales). Specimen found in Osogovo, near vilage of Beli, 06.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* (plant base and stem with cauline leaves). Osogovo, near vilage of Beli, 06.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus* (plant base and flowering stems). Specimen found in Osogovo, near vilage of Beli, 06.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Habit of reblooming *Dianthus viscidus* plant from the same population at the end of summer. Note the new shoots (basal rosettes) forming at the base of the plant. Osogovo, near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Habit of *Dianthus viscidus* plant from the same population at the end of summer, with secondary flowers. Note the new shoots (basal rosettes) forming at the base of the plant. Osogovo, near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Dianthus viscidus –* plant base with new shoots (basal rosettes). Osogovo, near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Dianthus viscidus. Marhold, K. (2011): Caryophyllaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameCache=Dianthus%20viscidus&PTRefFk=7200000 [Accessed 08.07.2021].

Dianthus viscidus. Marhold, K. (2011+): Caryophyllaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/bc4c3b97-4968-4bfc-875b-f2b66dc6b27a [Accessed 05.01.2023].

Dianthus viscidus subsp. viscidus. Marhold, K. (2011+): Caryophyllaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/b9d6c05b-27f7-4207-8cb5-1b755b9f6172 [Accessed 05.01.2023].

Dianthus L. Micevski, K. (1993). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 2. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 360 – 390.

Dianthus L. Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 188 – 204.

Last update: 05.01.2023.

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