Determined according to the botanical key provided in The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski, 1995).
Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Canary Islands, Mediterranean to South European Russia and Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: A ruderal plant generally found on disturbed ground in the mountain foot and lowland area- in suburban areas, on wastelands, near roads.
Ecballium elaterium – habit. Kochani, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – habit. Kochani, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – habit. Kochani, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – habit. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – habit. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – habit. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – habit. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – male flowers. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – male flower. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – male flower. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – female flower and developing male flowers. Kochani, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – flowering and fertilized female flower. Kochani, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – female flower. Kochani, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – female flower. Kochani, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – plant with fruits. Kochani, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – fruit. Kochani, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – fruits. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – fruit. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – leaf. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – leaf. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – leaf. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Ecballium elaterium – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, village of Beli, 15.08.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
