Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Centaurea// Species: Centaurea calcitrapa L.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Dostál in Tutin et al. (1976)
Lifeform: Annual (therophyte according to the Raunkiær system) or biennial.
Distribution: Native to Macaronesia, Mediterranean to Iran and Arabian Peninsula according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Centaurea calcitrapa – habit. Osogovo – village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – flowering stem with capitula. Osogovo – village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – flowering stem with capitula. Osogovo – village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – capitula. Osogovo – village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: hilly region between the villages of Beli and Nivichani. Date: 24.05.2021.
Centaurea calcitrapa – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – stem with cauline leaves and developing capitula. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – developing capitula and cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – stem with developing capitulum and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 24.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: hilly region between the villages of Beli and Nivichani. Date: 12.09.2021.
Centaurea calcitrapa – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 12.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – stem with capitula. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 12.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – capitulum. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 12.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – capitulum. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 12.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – capitulum. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 12.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – capitula. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 12.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – plant senescence. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 12.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Centaurea calcitrapa – fruiting capitula. Osogovo, hilly region between villages of Beli and Nivichani, 12.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Dostál, J. 1976. Centaurea L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 254–301.
