Determined according to the botanical key provided in The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski, 1993).
Distribution: Native to South and Central Italy, Balkan Peninsula to Northwest Romania, Lesvos, Northwest Turkey according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Mixed oak forests.
Lifeform: Perennial, tree; Macrophanerophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Flowering period: Spring: (APR, MAY).
Quercus frainetto– habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– part of tree crown. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– part of tree crown. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– branches with fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– branches with fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– branch with fruts. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– fruits. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– fruit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– fruit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– young twigs in spring. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– mature leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– twig. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– twig, leaf petiole and bud. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– bark of tree trunk. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– bark of tree trunk. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– bark of tree trunk. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 19.09.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– habit in flowering stage in spring. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– habit in flowering stage in spring. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– branches with male and female inflorescences. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– male and female flowers. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– spent male inflorescence. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– twig with female flowers. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– young spring leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– spring leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– spring leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– spring leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– spring leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– spring leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– springntwigtwig. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Quercus frainetto– abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Micevski, K. (1993). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 2. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Osogovo nature 