Determined according to the botanical key provided by do Amaral Franco (1976 in Tutin et al.).
Lifeform: Biennial; the first year of the lifecycle is vegetative (basal rosette stage). Flowering and fruiting occurs in the second year.
Distribution: Native from South Europe to Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Open and dry habitats- dry grasslands, hill pastures, rocky terrains.
Flowering period: Summer (JUN, JUL, AUG).
Locality: hills near Kochani. Date: 10.07.2020.
Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum -habitat. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp.illyricum– habit in habitat. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum– habit. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – upper part of plant with capitula. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – upper part of plant with capitula. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum– capitulum. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – capitulum. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – capitulum. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – spent capitulum. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – fruiting capitulum. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – stem with cauline leaves. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – stem with cauline leaves. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – lower cauline leaves. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – plant base- wilted basal leaves and lower cauline leaves. Hilly region in the vicinity of Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: hilly region near village of Beli. Date: 15.07.2020.
Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – habit (left) and upper part of plant with capitula (right). Hilly region near village of Beli, 15.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – capitulum. Hilly region near village of Beli, 15.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – capitulum. Hilly region near village of Beli, 15.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – fruiting capitulum. Hilly region near village of Beli, 15.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: hilly region near village of Beli. Date: 06.03.2021.
Onopordum illyricum subsp. illyricum – plants in basal rosette stage. Hilly region near village of Beli, 06.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
do Amaral Franco, J. 1976. Onopordum L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 244–248.
