Taxonomy: Fam. Cystopteridaceae// Genus: Gymnocarpium// Species: Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman. The classification is given according to The Euro+Med PlanBase (source: Christenhusz & Raab-Straube, (2013+).
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (1985).
Lifeform: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to the Temperate Northern Hemisphere- Europe to Russian Far East, Northeast China and Japan; North America – to Southwestern United States according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Garden, Kew).
Habitat: Moist and shady places in the zone of European beech forests.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – frond. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – frond. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – pinnae. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – pinnules. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – abaxial side of leaf with sori. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – abaxial side of leaf with sori. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – abaxial side of leaf with sori. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – leaf petioles. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – rhizome and leaf petoles. Osogovo, Ponikva, 26.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – fronds. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – fronds. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – pinnae with pinnules. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – adaxial side of pinnae. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – abaxial side of pinnae with sori. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – abaxial side of pinnae with sori. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – rhizome. Osogovo, Ponikva, 10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva – Jamishko Osoe region, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva – Jamishko Osoe region, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva – Jamishko Osoe region, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva – Jamishko Osoe region, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva – Jamishko Osoe region, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – abaxial side of pinnae with sori. Osogovo, Ponikva – Jamishko Osoe region, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnocarpium dryopteris – petioles. Osogovo, Ponikva – Jamishko Osoe region, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.