Determined according to the botanical keys provided by do Amaral Franco in Tutin et al. (1976).
Lifeform: Biennial; the first year of the lifecycle is vegetative (basal rosette stage). Flowering and fruiting occurs in the second year.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Xinjiang, West Himalaya and Arabian Peninsula; Northwest Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Usually found on disturbed ground- in and near settlements, roadsides, waste places and other ruderal areas.
Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL, AUG.
Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – stem with capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – spent capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – fruiting capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – fruiting capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – fruiting capitulum with achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – fruiting capitulum with achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – stem with vings and upper cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – stem with wings and cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – lower cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – lower cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – arachnoid indumentum of stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Onopordum acanthiumsubsp. acanthium – developing stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
do Amaral Franco, J. in Werner, K. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 244-248.
Osogovo nature 