Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. virgaurea

Posted byTrajche DimitrovskiPosted inCompositae, Plant families

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Solidago// Species: Solidago virgaurea L.//  Species: Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. virgaurea.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Gajić in Josifović (1975) and McNeill in Tutin et al. (1976).

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Central Siberia and Philippines (Luzon) according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Clearings and edges of woods and forests in the oak and European beech zone, rocky and stony terrains. Recorded from c. 500 up to 1500 m altitude. Recorded localities: village of Beli, village of Shtalkovica, village of Rajchani, Ponikva.

Flowering period: Fall: SEP, OCT, NOV.

Locality: village of Rajchani region.

Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – cauline leaf. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – stem and abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – basal leaves. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Last update: village of Shtalkovica region.

Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence with spent capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula with achenes. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – achenes. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – achenes. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – achenes. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea –adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea –abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Last update: hilly region near village of Beli.

Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – flowering stem. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – stem with cauline leaves. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – stem with cauline leaves. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – basal leaves. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – basal leaves. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Gajić, M. 1975. Rod Solidago L. In Josifović, M. (ed.), Flora SR Srbije, VII. Beograd: Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, pp. 13–15.

McNeill, J. 1976. Solidago L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 110–111.

Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea. Greuter, W. 2006+: Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von, Compositae. Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published at https://europlusmed.org/. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/1692b827-4543-4b10-a46e-4f9e7404beb6 [Accessed 08.01.2026].

Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77180811-1 [Accessed 26.11.2022].

Last update: 08.01.2026.