Determined according to the botanical key provided by Ernet and Richardson in Tutin et al., 1976 (Flora Europaea Vol. 4) as Valerianella pumila (Willd.) DC in, Lam. & DC., Fl. Fr. ed. 3, 4: 242(1805) = V. tridentata (Steven) Betcke. In The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Raab-Straube, 2017+) this taxon is not accepted at the species level- it is considered a synonym of Valerianella coronata (L.) DC.
In the Osogovo region the typical form of Valerianella coronata (L.) DC. occurs as well as Valerianella pumila (Willd.)
Differentiation between the two forms:
-typical form of Valerianella coronata: calyx well developed, campanulate, as long as the fruit, conspicuously divided halfway thru in 6 large triangular teeth; fruits 4 angled, oblong, densely villous.
-Valerianella pumila: calyx reduced to a rim or shortly cupuliform, irregularly toothed, much shorter (5 or more times) than the fruit; fruits obtusely 3 angled, hemispherical, glabrous.
Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Distribution: According to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), Valerianella coronata is native from Europe to Central Asia and Pakistan; Northwest Africa (accepted as Valeriana coronata (L.) Mill.); Valerianella pumila is native from Hungary to the Mediterranean and Iran (accepted as Valeriana pumila (L.) Willd).
Habitat: Open terrains – grasslands/ pastures, rocky terrains.
Flowering period: Spring: MAR, APR.
Valerianella pumila – habit in habitat. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stems with inflorescences. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stem with inflorescence and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – bracts of inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – bracts of inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – basal leaves and stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – basal leaves and stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – fruits. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Valerianella pumila – transverse section of fruits, showing the fertile and sterile loci. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 23.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Valerianella coronata. Raab-Straube, E. von (2017+): Valerianella. – In: Raab-Straube, E. von & Henning, T. (2017+): Valerianaceae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/3e38dc5f-3048-4bef-9214-046c21482804 [Accessed 15.01.2023].
Valerianella Miller. Ernet, D. and Richardson, I.B.K. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 48 – 52.
Valerianella pumila. Raab-Straube, E. von (2017+): Valerianella. – In: Raab-Straube, E. von & Henning, T. (2017+): Valerianaceae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=34791&PTRefFk=7500000 [Accessed 24.04.2022].
Osogovo nature 
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