Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Cirsium// Species: Cirsium ligulare Boiss.// Subspecies: Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum (Velen.) Petr.
Determined according to the botanical key provided in Werner in Tutin et al. (1976) to species level and Gajić in Josifović (1975) to subspecies level.
Species variability: Two subspecies of Cirsium ligulare Boiss. occur in the Osogovo region: Cirsium ligulare subsp. albanum Wettst. and Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum (Velen.) Petr. Distinction between subspecies:
–Cirsium ligulare subsp. albanum Wettst: Involucral bracts distinctly widened (lanceolate) below the apical spine; apical spine up to 6 mm long. Widely distributed from the lowland up to 1600 m;
– Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum (Velen.) Petr.: Involucral bracts gradually narrowed into the apical spine, not distinctly widened (lanceolate) in the apical part; apical spine usually longer as compared to subsp. albanum; found in the higher parts of the Osogovo region;
Lifeform: Biennial; the first year of the lifecycle is vegetative (basal rosette stage). Flowering and fruiting occurs in the second year.
Distribution: Native from the Balkan Peninsula according to the distribution information provided by The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Greuter, 2006+) and the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Grasslands and pastures, at higher altitudes of c. 1600 m.
Flowering period: Summer- autumn: AUG, SEP.
References:
Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum. Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/496171e8-6df5-4613-9609-ebd22fe46a37 [Accessed 26.01.2023].
Cirsium ligulare subsp. armatum (Velen.) Petr. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77253201-1 [Accessed 26.01.2023].
Cirsium Miller. Werner, K. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 232 – 242.
Rod Cirsium Adans. Gajić, M. in Josifović (1975). Flora SR Srbije VII. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Beograd, pp. 197 – 220.
Last update: 26.01.2023.
Osogovo nature 