Determined according to the botanical key provided by Chater in Tutin et al. (1980) and Koopman and Więcław (2017).
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Madeira, Europe to Iran, Altay (Russia) according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Clearings of oak forests, grasslands.
Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.
Carex spicata – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – flowering stems. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – inflorescence with spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – inflorescence with spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – inflorescence with spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – inflorescence with spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – inflorescence with spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – utricles. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – utricles. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – utricles. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – utricles. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – stems and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – stems and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – stems and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – stems and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – stem and abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – ligule. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – ligule. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – ligule. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – ligule. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – ligule. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – stam base with basal sheaths. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – basal sheath. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – roots. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – roots. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – roots. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – roots. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – root. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex spicata – spikelets. Upper row – adaxial side of spikelets, lower row – abaxial side of spikelets and spikelets with glumes. Scale in mm. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Carex L. Chater, A. O. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 290 – 323.
Koopman, J. and Więcław, H. (2017). The section Phaestoglochin (Carex, Cyperaceae) in the Netherlands. Gorteria – Dutch Botanical Archives 39, pp. 79 – 87. https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/639330 [Accessed 06.06.2023].
