Taxonomy: Fam. Ericaceae// Genus: Orthilia// Species: Orthilia secunda (L.) House// Subspecies: Orthilia secunda (L.) House subsp. secunda. The classification is given according to The Euro+Med Planbase (Raab-Straube, 2016+).
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Křísa in Tutin et al. (1972) and Micevski in Micevski (1998).
Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Distribution:Orthilia secunda (L.) House is native to the Subarctic and Temperate Northern Hemisphere – Eurasia, North America to Guatemala according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: European beech forests, in shaded positions.
Recorded localities: Kormina, 15.07.2023. Ponikva: Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025.
Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.
Locality: Kormina. Date: 15.07.2023.
Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – habit. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – habit. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – inflorescence. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – inflorescence. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – inflorescence. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – flowers. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – flowers. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – flowers and capsules. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – flowers and capsules. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – flowers and capsules. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – capsules. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – dehisced capsules from the perious year. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – stems with leaves. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – leaves. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – leaves. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – leaves. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – leaves. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – stem and petioles of leaves. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – rhizome. Osogovo – Kormina (region north of Ponikva), 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – habit in habitat. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – habit in habitat. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – habit. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – habit. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – habit. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – inflorescence. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – inflorescence. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – inflorescence. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – inflorescence. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – stem. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – stem. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – leaves. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 30.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – habit. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 19.10.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Orthilia secunda subsp. secunda – fruits. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 19.10.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Křísa, B. 1972. Orthilia Rafin. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 4.
Micevski, K. 1998. Orthilia Rafin, The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. I, Book 4. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 793–794.
