Phleum pratense L. subsp. pratense

Taxonomy: Fam. Poaceae// Genus: Phleum// Species: Phleum pratense L.// Subspecies: Phleum pratense L. subsp. pratense.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Humphries in Tutin et al. (1980).

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Phleum pratense L. is native to the Azores, Morocco, Europe to Siberia and West Himalaya according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Open habitats – grasslands, pastures, edges and clearings of forests.

Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – habit. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – panicle. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – panicle with spikelets. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – stems with leaves. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – stem and leaf. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – A and B: abaxial side of leaf. C and D:abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – A, B and C: stem and leaf sheath with ligule; D: stem node. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – plant base. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – plant base and roots. Lowest stem nodes tuberous. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – tuberous lowest stem nodes. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – panicles (left). Scale in cm; spikelets (middle) and ligules (right). Scale in mm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Phleum pratense* subsp. pratense – A and B: awn of glume; C and D: truncate apex of glume; E and F: cilia of glumes; G: base of glumes; H: lemma and palea. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Phleum pratense L. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:415868-1 [Accessed 29.06.2024].

Phleum L. Humphries, C.J. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 239 – 241.

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