Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Cannon (1968 in Tutin at al.) and Micevski (2005 in Matevski) as Torilis arvensis subsp. purpurea (Ten.) Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Pen. Balc. 1: 1057 (1927). The accepted name in The Euro+Med Plantbase (Hand, 2011+) is Torilis africana Spreng. in Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. Recent. 2: 7. 1813.
Lifeform: Annual plant. Therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from South Europe to Afghanistan and Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Amoung bushes and woods in the gorge of “Kochanska River”.
Flowering period: Late spring – summer: MAY, JUN.
Torilis africana – habit. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – habit. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – infloresences. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – infloresence. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – infloresence. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – infloresence. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – infloresence. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – rays with fruits. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – rays with fruits. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – rays of umbel; upper leaf. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – upper leaf. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – adaxial side (left) and abaxial side (right) of upper leaf. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – stems with leaves. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – leaves. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – lower leaves. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Torilis africana – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska’ River, 18.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Cannon, J. F. M. 1968. Torilis Adanson. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 371–372.
Micevski, K. 2005. Torilis Adans. In Matevski, V. (ed.), The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. I, Book 6. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1650–1655.
