Determined according to the botanical keys for Rhamnaceae (key to genera) and Paliurus Miller provided by Tutin in Tutin et al. (1998) and Matevski in Micevski (2005).
Lifeform: Perennial, shrub; Microphanerophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to the Mediterranean region of Europe and Asia to Central Asia and Aghanistan according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Grasslands, hill pastures, shrubland, woods and oak forests, rocky terrains in termophilous sites – widespread at lower altitudes in the continental sub-Mediterraneanean zone (Querco – carpinetumorientalis ass.).
Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.
Paliurus spina-christi – habit. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – habit. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branches. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branch. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branches. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branch with flowers. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branches with flowers. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branch with flowers. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branch with flowers. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – flowers. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – flowers. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – flowers. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – flowers. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – flowers. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – leaves. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – leaves. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – adaxial side of leaf; twig with thorn. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – abaxial side of leaf; twig with thorn. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – twig with thorns. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – older woody branch. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski..Paliurus spina-christi – lower woody part of shrub. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – woody part of shrub. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 10.06.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – habit during fruiting. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branch with fruits. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – fruits. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – fruits. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – fruits. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – fruits. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – fruits. Osogovo – lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – habit. Osogovo – near village of Beli, 31.05.2020. Photo by Trajche DimItrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – habit. Osogovo – near village of Beli, 31.05.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimotrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branches with flowers and fruits from the previous season. Osogovo – near village of Beli, 31.05.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branch with flowers. Osogovo – near village of Beli, 31.05.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – branch with flowers. Osogovo – near village of Beli, 31.05.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – fruits. Osogovo – near village of Beli, 21.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Paliurus spina-christi – fruits. Osogovo – near village of Beli, 21.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Paliurus Miller. Matevski, V. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, p. 1670.
Paliurus Miller. Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 243.
Rhamnaceae (key to genera). Matevski, V. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, p. 1669.
Rhamnaceae (key to genera). Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 243.
