Carduus acanthoides L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Carduus// Species: Carduus acanthoides L.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Gajić in Josifović (1975).

Lifeform: Biennial.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Japan; Lybia according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Pastures, grasslands, ruderal areas.

Flowering period: Summer – fall: JUL, AUG, SEP.

Consulted literature:

Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Verloove, F. (2014). Carduus acanthoides (Asteraceae), a locally invasive alien species in Belgium Dumortiera 105: 23-28. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262640304_Carduus_acanthoides_Asteraceae_a_locally_invasive_alien_species_in_Belgium [Access date 02.12.2020]

Carduus L. do Amaral Franco, J.; key prepared by Rocha Afonso, M.L. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 220 – 232.

Rod Carduus L. Gajić, M. in Josifović (1975). Flora SR Srbije VII. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Beograd, pp. 186 – 196.