Campanula trachelium L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Campanulaceae// Genus: Campanula// Species: Campanula trachelium L.

Determined as Campanula trachelium subsp. athoa (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek according to the botanical key provided in Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1976). This taxon is not accepted in The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Castroviejo et al., 2010).

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Campanula trachelium L. is native from Europe to Central Asia, Mediterranean to Iran, while the native range of Campanula trachelium subsp. athoa (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek is Balkan Peninsula to Turkey and Syria according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Woods and forests in the zones of mixed oak forests and European beech forests.

Flowering period: Summer-autumn: JUL, AUG, SEP.

*Campanula trachelium* – habit (left and center) and inflorescence (right). Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Campanula trachelium* (flowers). Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is image-21-edited.jpeg — *Campanula trachelium* – flowers. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is wp-15979406465013218663341390138804-edited.jpg — *Campanula trachelium* – stem with upper cauline leaves and flowers. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Campanula trachelium* – capsules and flower bud. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Campanula trachelium* – stem with middle cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Campanula trachelium* – stem with lower cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Campanula trachelium* – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Campanula trachelium* – stem with cauline leaves and flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Campanula trachelium L. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:141236-1 [Accessed 06.01.2022].

Campanula trachelium subsp. athoa (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77189571-1 [Accessed 06.01.2022].

Campanula trachelium subsp. athoa. Castroviejo, S., Aldasoro, J. J. & Alarcón, M.; with contributions from Hand, R. (2010): Campanulaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=14955&PTRefFk=7400000 [Accessed 06.01.2022].

Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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