Taxonomy: Fam. Campanulaceae// Genus: Campanula// Species: Campanula trachelium L.
Determined as Campanula trachelium subsp. athoa (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek according to the botanical key provided by Fedorov and Kovanda in Tutin et al. (1976). This taxon is not accepted in The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Castroviejo et al., 2010+).
Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution:Campanula trachelium L. is native from Europe to Central Asia, Mediterranean to Iran, while the native range of Campanula trachelium subsp. athoa (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek is Balkan Peninsula to Turkey and Syria according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Woods and forests in the zones of mixed oak forests and European beech forests.
Flowering period: Summer-autumn: JUL, AUG, SEP.
Campanula trachelium – habit. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – flowering stem with inflorescence. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – flowers and upper leaves. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – flowers. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – flowers. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – flowers. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – flowers. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – stems with leaves. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – stems with lower leaves. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – stem. Osogovo – village of Shtalkovica region, 31.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – habit (left and center) and inflorescence (right). Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium (flowers). Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – flowers. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – stem with upper cauline leaves and flowers. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – capsules and flower bud. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – stem with middle cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – stem with middle cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – stem with lower cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 16.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – stem with cauline leaves and flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – stem with cauline leaves and flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula trachelium – stem with cauline leaves and flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Campanula trachelium. Castroviejo, S., Aldasoro, J. J. & Alarcón, M.; with contributions from Hand, R. (2010+): Campanulaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published at https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/ec389413-4102-43bc-95e0-784719d7df7a [Accessed 12.01.2025].
Campanula L. Fedorov, A. A. (spp. 1-104) and Kovanda, M. (spp. 105-143) in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 74-93.
