Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Ball (1972 in Tutin et al.).
Two subspecies of Lamium bifidum Cyrillo occur in the Osogovo region: Lamium bifidum Cirillo subsp. bifidum and Lamium bifidum subsp. balcanicum Velen. Distinction between subspecies:
–Lamium bifidum Cirillosubsp. bifidum: corolla white; lower leaves cordate to almost truncate at base; leaves usually with a whitish patch along the main vein on the adaxial side.
–Lamium bifidum subsp. balcanicum Velen: corolla purple, lower leaves rounded at base according to literature data (note: heart shaped leaves of the populations in Osogovo do occur); white patch along middle vein absent.
Lifeform: Annual, therophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Distribution: Native to South and Southeast Europe according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 2010); Mediterranean region according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Clearings and edges of forests.
Recorded localities: The Osogovo population reported as part of the Osogovo nature project (Dimitrovski, 2021, 2022, 2023) is the first report of Lamium bifidum Cirillo subsp. bifidum for the flora of North Macedonia. Kochani: gorge of Kochanska River (25.04.2021; 16.04.2022); ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River (16.04.2022). Probishtip: between Tursko rudari and Shtalkovica.
Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.
Locality: ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska Rivers. Date: 16.04.2022.
amium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – habit in habitat. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – habit. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – habit. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – habit. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – habit. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – stems with inflorescence. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – verticillasters with flowers. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – flowers. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – flowers. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – flowers. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – flowers. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – flowers. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – upper cauline leaf and spent verticillaster. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – cauline leaves and fruiting verticillaster. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – cauline leaves and spent verticillaster. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – cauline leaf. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – cauline leaves. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – lower cauline leaves. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – lower cauline leaves. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – lower cauline leaves. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – lower cauline leaves. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: gorge of the Kochanska River. Date: 16.04.2022.
Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – habit. Osogovo, Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – inflorescence. Osogovo, Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – flowers. Osogovo, Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidumsubsp. bifidum – cauline leaf. Osogovo, Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: gorge of the Kochanska River. Date: 25.04.2021.
Lamium bifidum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 25.04.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 25.04.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidum – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 25.04.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidum – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 25.04.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Lamium bifidum – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 25.04.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski
References:
Ball, P. W. 1972. Lamium L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 147–148.
