Determined according to the botanical key provided in The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski, 1993).
Distribution: Native to the North Hemisphere (Eurasia, Northwest Africa and North America) and Argentina according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: European beech forests and alongside rivers- riparian vegetation.
Lifeform: Perennial, tree; mesophanerophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.
Betula pendula – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – branches with leaves and fruits. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – branches with leaves and fruits. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – fruiting female inflorescence. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – trunk. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between lake “Gradche” and gorge of “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – tree crown. Osogovo, mountain ridge between lake “Gradche” and gorge of “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – trunk and branches. Osogovo, mountain ridge between lake “Gradche” and gorge of “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – twigs. Osogovo, mountain ridge between lake “Gradche” and gorge of “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – twigs. Osogovo, mountain ridge between lake “Gradche” and gorge of “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between lake “Gradche” and gorge of “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between lake “Gradche” and gorge of “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – trunk. Osogovo, mountain ridge between lake “Gradche” and gorge of “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – trunk. Osogovo, mountain ridge between lake “Gradche” and gorge of “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 21.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – part of the crown. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 21.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – branch. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 21.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – twig with leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 21.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – twig with leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 21.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – twig with leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 21.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 21.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 21.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 21.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 21.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Betula pendula – tree in spring during flowering. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – male inflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – male inflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – male inflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – female inflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – female inflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – female inflorescence with fruits from the previous season. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – twig from the last season with developing new twigs with immature leaves. . Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – twig from the last season with developing new twigs with immature leaves. . Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – tree trunk with branches. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Betula pendula – tree trunk. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 25.04.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Micevski, K. (1993). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 2. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Osogovo nature 