Determined according to the botanical key provided by Fedorov and Kovanda (1976 in Tutin et al.).
Lifeform: Biennial plant.
Distribution: Native from Southeast Europe to Slovakia, Ukraine and Türkiye according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew).
Habitat: Edges and clearings of oak forests.
Flowering period: Summer (JUN, JUL).
Campanula macrostachya – habit. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – habit. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – habit. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – habit. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – habit. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – habit. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – inflorescence. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – inflorescence. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – inflorescence. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – inflorescence. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – inflorescence. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flowers. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flower. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flower. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flower. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flower. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flower. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flower. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flower. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flower. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flowers and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flowers and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flower and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flower and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flowers and upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – flowers and upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – spent flower. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – stem. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – lower cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – lower cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – lower cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – basal leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – basal leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – adaxial side of basal leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – abaxial side of basal leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – plant base and root. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – plant base and root. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – root. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula macrostachya – root. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Campanula macrostachya. Castroviejo, S., Aldasoro, J. J. & Alarcón, M.; with contributions from Hand, R. (2010+): Campanulaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/3067dfbf-3ff0-491d-939b-18503c404df1 [Accessed 11.01.2026].
Fedorov, A. A. (spp. 1–104) and Kovanda, M. (spp. 105–143).1976. Campanula L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (ed.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 74–93.
