Allium amethystinum Tausch

Taxonomy: Fam. Amaryllidaceae// Genus: Allium// Species: Allium amethystinum Tausch. The classification is given according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 2010).

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Stearn in Tutin et al., 1980.

Lifeform: Perennial; Geophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to the Central and East Mediterranean region – Italy and Balkan Peninsula to Türkiye and Cyprus according to the distribution information provided by The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 2010) and the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Clearings and edges of oak and European beech forests – on dry sites. Ratkova Skala region to Ponikva – Visoka chuka (850 m – 1450 m altitude).

Flowering period: Summer: JUL.

*Allium amethystinum* – habit. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – inflorescence. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – flowers. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – developing flowers. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – developing capsules. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – stem. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – stem with withered leaves. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – stems with leaves. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – stem with leaves. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – stem and leaf sheath. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – stems and leaf sheath. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – lower part of stems and bulbs. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – lower part of stem and bulb. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – bulb. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – inflorescences. Scale in cm/ mm. Specimen from Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – inflorescence. Scale in cm/ mm. Specimen from Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – flowers. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – flowers. Scale in cm/ mm. Specimen from Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – stamens and ovary. Scale in cm/ mm. Specimen from Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – stem and leaves. Scale in cm/ mm. Specimen from Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – leaf width. Scale in cm/ mm. Specimen from Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – transverse section of leaves. Leaves are fistular. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – transverse and longitudinal section of stem. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – basal part of stem and bulb. Scale in cm/ mm. Specimen from Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 16.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – habit in fruiting stage. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – inflorescence with capsules. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Allium amethystinum* – capsules. Osogovo- Ponikva region (Visoka Chuka), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Allium amethystinum Tausch. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:527578-1 [Accessed 24.07.2023].

Allium amethystinum. The Euro+Med PlantBase. Source: 2010: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2010), copyright © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/bf180169-c218-4405-98b1-c23c0f65b4a1 [Accessed 24.07.2023].

Allium L. Stearn, W.T. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 49 – 69.

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