Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Favarger and Zésiger in Tutin et al. (1964) and Micevski in Micevski (1998).
Distribution: Native to the Balkan Peninsula according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (Marhold, 2011+); Bulgaria according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Rocky terrains in the “Ratkova Skala” region, growing alongside other succulents (Sempervivum marmoreum, Jovibarba heufelii, Sedumstefco, Sedum anuum).
Lifeform: Perennial succulent; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær classification.
Flowering period: Summer: JUL, AUG.
Sempervivum erythraeum – habit. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – habit. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – habit. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – habit. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – habit. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – plant size. Scale in mm. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – inflorescence. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – inflorescence. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – inflorescence. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – inflorescence. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – inflorescence. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – flower. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – flower. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – flower. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – flower. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – flower. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – flower. Glands of petal and filament base. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – flower size. Scale in cm/ mm. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – flower buds. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – sie view of flowers with calyx. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – sie view of flowers with calyx. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – sie view of flowers with calyx. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – upper part of stem and branches of inflorescence. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – cauline leaves. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – cauline leaves. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – cauline leaves. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – indumentum of stem and cauline leaves. a – glands of stem (stem cross section); b – glands on the adaxial side, c – marginal cilia and d- glands on the abaxial side (cross section of leaf) under magnification. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – basal leaves of flowering stem. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – size of basal rosettes. Scale in cm/ mm. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – size of basal rosettes. Scale in cm/ mm. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – size of basal rosettes. Scale in cm/ mm. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – leaves of basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum –leaves of basal rosette. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – leaves of basal rosette. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – leaves of basal rosette. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – leaves of basal rosette. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – leaves of basal rosette. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – leaves of basal rosette and indumentum. a – glands on the adaxial side, b – marginal cilia and c – glands on the abaxial side (cross section of leaf) under magnification. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – stolon. Scale in cm/ mm. Stolons are max 2 cm long. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – stolon. Scale in cm/ mm. Stolons are max 2 cm long. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – stolon. Scale in cm/ mm. Stolons are max 2 cm long. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – stolon. Scale in cm/ mm. Stolons are max 2 cm long. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – inflorescence from the previous year with dehisced capsules. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivum erythraeum – dehisced capsules. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – dehisced capsules. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – habit. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – habit. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – inflorescence. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – flowers. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – flower. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – capsules. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – capsules. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – capsules. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – lower part of flowering stem and basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sempervivumerythraeum – basal rosettes. Osogovo- highest part of the “Ratkova Skala” region bordering with “Visoka chuka” (Ponikva region), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Sempervivum L. Favarger, C. and Zésiger, F. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 352 – 355.
Sempervivum L. Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1042 – 1048.
