Determined according to the botanical key provided by Ball and Tutin in Tutin et al. (1976) as Inula salicina subsp. aspera (Poiret) Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 2: 602 (1931). In The Euro+Med PlantBase (Greuter, 2006+) this taxon is accepted at the species rank – Inula aspera Poir. in Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 3: 154. 1813.
Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Central and South Europe to Siberia, Mongolia and Türkiye according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (accepted as Pentanema asperum (Poir.) G.V.Boiko & Korniy.).
Habitat: Clearings and edges of oak forests, on thermophilous sites.
Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.
Inula aspera – habit. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – habit. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – habit. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – flowering stem with capitula. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – involucre of capitulum. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – involucre of capitulum. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – involucre of capitulum. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – stem with leaves. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – stem with leaves. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – stem and amplexicaul leaf. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – stem and adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 22.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – habit. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Inula aspera – habit. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Inula aspera – flowering stem with capitula. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – flowering stem with capitula. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – flowering stem with capitula. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – capitula. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – capitula. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – capitula. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – capitula. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – capitulum. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – capitulum. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – involucral bracts. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – involucral bracts. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – involucral bracts. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – spent capitulum. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – developing achenes. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – stem and leaves. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – stem and leaves. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – stem and leaves. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – leaves. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – leaves. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – leaf base. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – upper part of stem. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Inula aspera – lower part of stem. Osogovo, hilly area between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region, 02.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Inula L. Ball, P.W. and Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133 -136.
