Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Coombe in Tutin et al. (1968), Cincović in Josifović (1972) and Micevski in Micevski (2001).
Note: Taking in account literature data, T. hybridum L. subsp. hybridum does not seem to be well distinguished from T. hybridum subsp. elegans (Savi) Ascherson & Graebner, as some of the key distinguishing traits (diameter of inflorescence, leaflets size) reported from different sources overlap. The characteristics of the stem do not seem to be of taxonomic importance, as in the Osogovo region in the same population both plants with fistulose and non-fistulose and procumbent to erect stems occur. The plants from Osogovo generally tend towards subsp. hybridum as described by Cincović in Josifović (1972) and Micevski in Micevski (2001).
Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from the Mediterranean to Kazakhstan and Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Wet habitats at higher altitudes – mountain streams, bogs and mires in the subalpine belt.
Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.
Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – flowering stems. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – stem with developing inflorescences. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – developing inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – side view of flowers and calyx; inflorescence with bracts. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – upper leaves. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – stems with leaves. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – stem with leaves. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – lower leaf. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – leaf and stipules. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – stem and stipules. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – stem and stipules. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – A: habit. Scale in cm. B, C, D and E: inflorescence; F and G: flowers. Scale in mm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – leaves. Scale in cm/ mm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum – A: non-fistulate stem; B: fistulate stem with hollow center. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Rod Trifolium L. Cincović, T. in Josifović, M. (1972). Flora SR Srbije IV. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Beograd, pp. 424 – 471.
Trifolium L. Coombe, D.E. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 157 – 172.
Trifolium L. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (2001). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 5. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1290-1345.
