Taxonomy : Fam. Compositae// Genus: Sonchus // Species: Sonchus arvensis L.// Subspecies: Sonchus arvensis L. subsp. arvensis .
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Boulos in Tutin et al. (1976).
Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Europe to Siberia and Mongolia; Russian Far East; Oman according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: River banks.
Flowering period: Summer – fall: JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP.
Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – habit. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – habit. Kochani -“Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – habit. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – habit. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – flowering stem with capitula. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – flowering stem with capitula. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – flowering stem with capitula. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – flowering stem with capitula. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – capitula. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – capitula. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – capitula. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – capitulum. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – florets. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – florets. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – florets. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – involucre of capitulum. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – involucre of capitulum. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – involucre of developing capitula. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – fruiting capitulum with achenes. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – fruiting capitulum with achenes. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – achenes. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – peduncle and upper part of stem. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – stem and upper cauline leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – stem and upper cauline leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – stem and cauline leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – stem and cauline leaves; basal leaves. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – stem and cauline leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – lower cauline leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – auricles of cauline leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – stem. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – stem. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – basal leaves (vegetative shoots). Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – adaxial side of basal leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – adaxial side of basal leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – abaxial side of basal leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – abaxial side of basal leaf. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – root. Kochani – “Kochanska” River, 06.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – habit. Scale in cm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – A: capitulum. Scale in cm; B: floret. C: involucral bracts; D and E: inner involucral bract. Scale in mm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis – achenes. Scale in mm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.References:
Sonchus arvensis subsp. arvensis L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77180308-1 [Accessed 08.09.2024].
Sonchus L. Boulos, L. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 327 – 328.
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