Taxonomy: Fam. Lamiaceae// Genus: Ballota// Species: Ballota nigra L.// Ballota nigra subsp. foetida (Vis.) Hayek.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Patzak in Tutin et al. (1972) and Matevski in Matevski (2021).
Lifeform: Perennial – hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Europe according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 2010).
Habitat: Grasslands, pastures, edges and clearings of woods and forests, near rivers, river gorges, roadsides, disturbed ground.
Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – flowering stems. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – flowering stem with verticillasters. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – verticillasters with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – verticillasters with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – verticillaster with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – verticillaster with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – verticillaster with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – verticillaster with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – verticillaster with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – verticillaster with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – stems with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – stems with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – stems with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – stem with leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 15.09.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ballota nigra subsp. foetida – flowers (left) and calyces (right). Scale in mm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Ballota L. Matevski, V. in Matevski, V. The Flora of the RN Macedonia. Vol II, Book 2. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje 266 – 270.
Ballota L. Patzak., A. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 149 – 151.
