Taxonomy: Fam. Euphorbiaceae// Genus: Euphorbia// Species: Euphorbia esula L.// Subspecies: Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Kuzmanov.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Smith and Tutin in Tutin at al. (1968) as Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Nyman and Micevski in Micevski (1998) as Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. The accepted name in The Euro+Med Plantbase (Source: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 2010) is Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Kuzmanov.
Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Mongolia and Afghanistan according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Hill pastures, woods and clearings of oak forests.
Flowering period: Spring – summer: MAY, JUN, JUL.
Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – habit. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – habit. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – habit. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – stem with umbel, axillary rays and sterile axillary shoots. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – stem with umbel, axillary rays and sterile axillary shoots. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – stem with umbel, axillary rays and sterile axillary shoots. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – stem with umbel, axillary rays and sterile axillary shoots. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – umbel. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – umbel and axillary rays. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – umbel and axillary rays. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – cyathia. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – cyathia. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – cyathia. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – cyathia. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – cyathia. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – cyathia. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – cyathia. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – cyathia with capsules. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – cyathia with capsules. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – cyathia with capsules. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – raylet leaves. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – raylet leaves. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – ray leaves. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – stem and sterile axillary ray. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – stem with leaves. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – stem with leaves. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – stem with leaves. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – stem and abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – sterile axillary shoot. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – leaves of sterile axillary shoot. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – leaf of sterile axillary shoot. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – leaf of sterile axillary shoot. Osogovo – “Svilanovo” region, 15.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – habit. Scale in cm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana – capsule and seeds. Scale in mm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia L. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 846 – 876.
Euphorbia L. Smith, A.R. and Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 213 – 226.
