Inula ensifolia L.

Posted byTrajche DimitrovskiPosted inUncategorized

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Inula// Species: Inula ensifolia L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Ball and Tutin (1976 in Tutin et al.).

Lifeform: Perennial plant. Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Caucasus according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (accepted as Pentanema ensifolium (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.

Habitat:  Clearings and edges of oak forests, on thermophilous sites.

Flowering period: Summer (JUN, JUL).

Locality: village of Pantelej region. Date: 22.06.2024.

Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit.Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – habit. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – flowering stems. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – flowering stems. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – flowering stems. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – involucre. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – involucre. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – involucre. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – involucre. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – involucre. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – involucre. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – involucre. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – spent capitula. Osogovo -Probishtip:Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – fruting capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – fruting capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – fruting capitulum. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – stems with leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – stems with leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – stems with leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – stems with leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – stems with leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip:Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – stems with leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – stem with leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – stem with leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – stems with leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – stem. Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Inula ensifolia – scaled images. A: habit. Scale in cm. B: ligulate florets. Scale in mm. C: achenes. Scale in mm.D: Stem with leaves. Scale in cm. Specimen from Osogovo -Probishtip: Stari Grad – rock cliffs above the Eshterec Stream (Zletovska River basin), 05.07.2026. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Ball, P. W. and Tutin, T. G. 1976. Inula L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133–136.

Inula ensifolia. Greuter, W. 2006+: Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von, Compositae. Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published at https://europlusmed.org/. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/66d13d9b-68ee-4221-928d-53e04fcb27c7 [Accessed 28.07.2026].

Pentanema ensifolium (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77178410-1 [Accessed 28.07.2026].