Taxonomy: Fam. Violaceae// Genus: Viola// Species: Viola alba Besser
Determined according to the botanical key provided in The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski, 1995).
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Europe, parts of W. Asia and N. Africa according to the Euro+Med PlantBase (Raab-Straube & Henning, 2018).
Habitat: Shrublands, clearings of forests, river gorges.
Flowering period: Spring (MAR, APR).
Viola alba – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Viola alba – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – rosette with basal leaves and flowers . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – flowers . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – flower . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – flower . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – basal rosette with leaves and stipules . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – leaf petioles ad underside of leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – overwintering leaf (dark green) among new spring leaves and flowers . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – stolons are non-rooting and flower in the first year . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – stolons are non-rooting and flower in the first year . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – plant base with stipules. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – stolons are non-rooting and flower in the first year . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Micevski, K. (1995). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 3. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Osogovo nature 