Taxonomy: Fam. Violaceae// Genus: Viola// Species: Viola alba Besser// Subspecies: Viola alba Besser subsp. alba.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (1995) as Violaalba subsp. scotophylla (Jord.) Nyman, Consp. 78 (1878). According to The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Raab-Straube & Henning, 2018+), this taxon is considered a synonym of Viola alba Besser subsp. alba.
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Türkiye according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew); Europe to Türkiye and Syria according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Raab-Straube & Henning, 2018+).
Habitat: Shrublands, clearings of forests, river gorges.
Flowering period: Spring (MAR, APR).
Viola alba – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Viola alba – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – rosette with basal leaves and flowers . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – flowers . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – flower . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – flower . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – basal rosette with leaves and stipules . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – leaf petioles ad underside of leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – overwintering leaf (dark green) among new spring leaves and flowers . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – stolons are non-rooting and flower in the first year . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – stolons are non-rooting and flower in the first year . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 13.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – plant base with stipules. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba – stolons are non-rooting and flower in the first year . Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 27.03.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – habit. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – habit. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – habit. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – habit. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – habit. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – flower. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – flower. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – flower. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – flower. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – flower. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – flower. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – flower. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – flower. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – flower and peduncle with bracts. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – penuncle with bracts. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – leaves. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – leaf. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – leaf. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – leaf. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – leaf. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – leaf. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – leaf. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – adaxial side of leaf. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – abaxial side of leaf. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – stipules and leaf petioles. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – stipules and leaf petioles. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – stipules and leaf petioles. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – stolons. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – stolon. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – stolon. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – stolon. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola alba subsp. alba – stolon. “Shtalkovichka” River, 27.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
