Xanthium spinosum L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus:  Xanthium// Species: Xanthium spinosum L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided in Flora Europaea Vol. 4 (Tutin et al., 1976).

Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Central and East Canada to Mexico, Peru to Southern South America, introduced in Australia, parts of Europe, Asia and Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: A ruderal plant common on disturbed ground, near cultivated land and settlements, wastelands, roads.

Flowering period: Summer (JUL, AUG).

References:

Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Xanthium spinosum L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:260892-1 [Accessed 16.08.2021].