Taxonomy: Fam. Campanulaceae// Genus: Campanula// Species: Campanula rapunculoides L.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Fedorov and Kovanda (1976 in Tutin et al.).
Lifeform: Perennial plant. Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Iran and Central Asia according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Grasslands, clearings and edges of oak and European beech forests, from c. 850 up to 1500 m altitude.
Flowering period: Summer (JUN, JUL, AUG).
Locality: Ponikva.
Campanula rapunculoides – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – capsule. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – stem with leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – stem with leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: “Shtalkovicka” River.
Campanula rapunculoides – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flowers. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flowers. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flower. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flowers. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flowers. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – capsule. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – upper leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – stem and upper leaves. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – stem with leaves. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – stem with leaves. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – lower leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – stem. Osogovo – “Shtalkovicka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River.
Campanula rapunculoides – habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, near village of Krushka, 26.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flowers. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, near village of Krushka, 26.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flowers. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, near village of Krushka, 26.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – stem with leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, near village of Krushka, 26.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – leaf. Osogovo, mountain ridge between the gorges of “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, near village of Krushka, 26.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – habit. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, near village of Krushka, 27.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – flowering stem with cauline leaves and inflorescence. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, near village of Krushka, 27.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Campanula rapunculoides – basal leaves. Osogovo, mountain ridge between “Golema” River and “Orizarska” River, near village of Krushka, 27.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Campanula rapunculoides. Castroviejo, S., Aldasoro, J. J. & Alarcón, M.; with contributions from Hand, R. (2010+): Campanulaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/6a97dd0a-7fdd-40ea-95f2-6ffb420869bf [Accessed 11.01.2026].
Fedorov, A. A. (spp. 1–104) and Kovanda, M. (spp. 105–143). 1976. Campanula L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 74–93.
