Taxonomy: Fam. Dryopteridaceae// Genus: Dryopteris// Species: Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. The classification is given according to The Euro+Med PlanBase (source: Christenhusz & Raab-Straube, 2013).
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Heywood in Tutin et. al (1964) and Micevski (1985).
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to the Temperate Northern Hemisphere according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Garden, Kew).
Habitat: Found in diverse habitats – open terrains along mountain streams, in oak and European beech forest, river gorges. Recorded from the lowland up to c. 1600 m altitude.
Locality: Ponikva.
Dryopteris filix-mas – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – pinnae. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – pinnae. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – pinnae. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – pinnae. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – pinnae. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – rachis and pinnae with pinnules. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – rachis and pinnae with pinnules. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – rachis and pinnae with pinnules. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – pinnae with pinnules. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – abaxial side of pinnules with sori. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – abaxial side of pinnules with sori. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – abaxial side of pinnules with sori. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – abaxial side of pinnules with sori. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – abaxial side of pinnules with sori. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – abaxial side of pinnules with sori. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – rachis and abaxial side of pinnules with sori. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..Dryopteris filix-mas – rachis. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – rachis. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – lower part of rachis and leaf petioles. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – leaf petioles. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – leaf petioles. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – leaf petioles. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – leaf petiole with scales. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – leaf petiole with scales. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – leaf petiole with scales. Osogovo – Ponikva, 20.07.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: Gorge of “Kochanska” River.
Dryopteris filix-mas – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – leaf with pinnae. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dryopteris filix-mas – abaxial side of pinnae. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dryopteris filix-mas – pinnae with sori. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dryopteris filix-mas – leaf petiole with scales. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 08.05.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: Gorge of “Kochanska” River.
Dryopteris filix-mas – habit. Osogovo,”Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – leaf. Osogovo,”Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – adaxial side od leaves with pinnae. Osogovo,”Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dryopteris filix-mas – abaxial side od leaves with sori. Osogovo,”Shtalkovichka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Dryopteris Adanson. Heywood, V.H. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 20 – 22.
Dryopteris Adanson. Micevski, K. (1985). The Flora of SR Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 1. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 67 – 72.
