Euphorbia epithymoides L.

Posted byTrajche DimitrovskiPosted inPlant families

Taxonomy: Fam. Euphorbiaceae// Genus: Euphorbia// Species: Euphorbia epithymoides L.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Smith and Tutin in Tutin at al. (1968) and Micevski (1998).

Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.

Distribution: Native to Italy, Central and Southeast Europe to Türkiye, Libya according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Edges and clearings of forests.

Flowering period: Spring- early summer: MAY, JUN.

Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – inflorescence – umbel with cyathia. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – inflorescence – umbel with cyathia. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – inflorescence – umbel with cyathia. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – inflorescence – umbel with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – umbel – rays with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – rays and ray-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – stems with leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – stems with leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – stems with leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – stem. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – stems with adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – size of cauline leaves. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – size of ray-leaves. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – size of capsules. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – longitudinal section of capsules with developing seeds. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – immature seeds. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Euphorbia epithymoides L. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:346404-1 [Accessed 10.06.2023].

Euphorbia L. Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 846 – 876.

Euphorbia L. Smith, A.R. and Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 213 – 226.