Taxonomy: Fam. Euphorbiaceae// Genus: Euphorbia// Species: Euphorbia epithymoides L.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Smith and Tutin in Tutin at al. (1968) and Micevski (1998).
Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.
Distribution: Native to Italy, Central and Southeast Europe to Türkiye, Libya according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Edges and clearings of forests.
Flowering period: Spring- early summer: MAY, JUN.
Euphorbia epithymoides– habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– inflorescence – umbel with cyathia. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– inflorescence – umbel with cyathia. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– inflorescence – umbel with cyathia. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– inflorescence – umbel with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– umbel – rays with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– rays and ray-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– ray-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– stems with leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– stems with leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– stems with leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– stem. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– stems with adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– size of cauline leaves. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– size of ray-leaves. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– size of capsules. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– longitudinal section of capsules with developing seeds. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Euphorbia epithymoides– immature seeds. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
