Determined according to the botanical key provided by Moore (1980 in Tutin et al.) as Pseudorchis frivaldii (Hampe ex Griseb.) P. F. Hunt, Orchid Rev. 79: 141 (1971). The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 2010) is Gymnadenia frivaldii Hampe ex Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 363. 1846.
Lifeform: Perrenial; geophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Southeast Europe – Balkan Peninsula to Romania according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 2010).
Habitat: Wet habitats in the subalpine belt – streams, bogs and mires below “Carev vrv” peak at c.1800 m altitude (Babina cheshma region- springs of “Durachka” River).
Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.
Gymnadenia frivaldii – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – habit. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – inflorescence. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – flowers. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – flowers. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – flowers. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – bracts and side view of flowers. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – bracts and side view of flowers. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – stems with leaves. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – stems with leaves. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – stem and upper leaf. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – stem and leaves. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – stem and adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – sheating scale at base of stem. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – tubers. Osogovo – springs of “Durachka” River, 09.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Gymnadenia frivaldii – A: inflorescence. Scale in cm/mm; B: flowers. Scale in mm; C: leaf. Scale in cm/mm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Moore, D. M. 1980. Pseudorchis Séguier (Leucorchis E. H. F. Meyer). In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 332.
