Polygala vulgaris L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Polygalaceae// Genus: Polygala// Species: Polygala vulgaris L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided in The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski and Matevski, 2005) and Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1968).

Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Turkey according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Raab-Straube, 2018+).

Habitat:  Edges and clearings of forests.

Flowering period:  Summer: JUN, JUL.

Polygala vulgaris – habit in habitat. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – flowering stems. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – finflorescence with fruits- the sepal are wider and completely enclose the capsules. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – stems with leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – stems with leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygala vulgaris – plant base. Osogovo, Ponikva, 19.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Micevski, K and Matevski, V. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Polygala vulgaris L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens,Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:692570-1 [Accessed 30.11.2022].

Polygala vulgaris L. Raab-Straube, E. von (2018+): Polygalaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/5ce54f2c-f274-41b7-9f7e-5c5db6b7494a [Accessed 30.11.2022].

Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Astragalus glycyphyllos L.

Taxonomy: Fam.Fabaceae// Genus: Astragalus// Species: Astragalus glycyphyllos L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided in The Flora of Republic of Macedonia (Micevski, 2001).

Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to West Siberia, Kazakhstan and Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Edges of woods and forests, from the lowland up to the subalpine belt at c. 1500-1600 m altitude.

Flowering period:  Spring – summer: MAY, JUN, JUL.

Astragalus glycyphyllos – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – habit. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – inflorescence. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – flowers. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – pods. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – pods. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – leaves. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – stem, leaf rachis, stipule and adaxial side of leaflet. Osogovo, Ponikva,  10.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River,  15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – inflorescence and leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River,  15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – pods. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River,  15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – leaf. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River,  15.07.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – habit. “Mala” River near lake “Gradche”, 27.05.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – stems with pods. “Mala” River near lake “Gradche”,  27.05.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – pods. “Mala” River near lake “Gradche”,  27.05.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Astragalus glycyphyllos – leaves. “Mala” River near lake “Gradche”,  27.05.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Micevski, K. (2001). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 5. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Astragalus glycyphyllos L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens,Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:477635-1  [Accessed 29.11.2022].

Solanum alatum Moench (syn. Solanum luteum subsp. alatum (Moench) Dostâl)

Taxonomy: Fam. Solanaceae// Genus: Solanum// Species: Solanum alatum Moench.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Hawkes and Edmonds (1972 in Tutin et al.) and Stjepanović-Veseličić (1974 in Josifović). Accepted as subspecies according to Hawkes & Edmonds in Tutin et al. (1972) – Solanum luteum subsp. alatum (Moench) Dostâl. Stjepanović-Veseličić in Josifović (1974) and The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Valdés, 2012+) accept this taxon at the species level – Solanum alatum Moench.

Lifeform: Annual plant. Therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to North America – USA and Canada; introduced in parts of Europe according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). Also native to parts of Europe and the Mediterranean according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Valdés, 2012+).

Habitat: Disturbed ground: roadsides, ruderal areas. Found near “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari,

Flowering period: Summer to fall.

Solanum alatum – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – stem with flowers and fruits. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – flower. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – flowers. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – fruits. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – stem with winged ridges; fruits. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – stems with winged ridges. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – leaf. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum alatum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River between the villages of Shtalkovica and Tursko Rudari, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Hawkes, J. G. & Edmonds, J. M. 1972. Solanum L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 197–199.

Solanum alatum Moench. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:818181-1 [Accessed 27.11.2022].

Solanum alatum. Valdés, B. (2012+): Solanaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/4124a502-6ae3-487c-a0c3-84078c48c678 [Accessed 27.11.2022].

Stjepanović-Veseličić, L. 1974. Rod Solanum L.. In Josifović, M. (ed.), Flora SR Srbije, VI. Beograd: Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, pp. 85–94.

Solanum nigrum L. subsp. nigrum

Taxonomy: Fam. Solanaceae// Genus: Solanum// Species: Solanum nigrum L.// Subspecies: Solanum nigrum L. subsp. nigrum.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Hawkes & Edmonds in Tutin et al. (1972) and Stjepanović-Veseličić in Josifović (1974).

Distribution: Native from Temperate Eurasia to India and Mainland Southeast Asia, Macaronesia, North and Northeast Africa to Chad according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Disturbed ground, wastelands, roadsides, gardens, urban and suburban areas, orchards and cultivated land and other ruderal areas.

Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Flowering period: Spring – fall: MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT.

Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – habit. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – stem with flowers and fruits. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – stem with fruits. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – flowers. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – flowers. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – flowers. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – fruits. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – fruits. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – fruits. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – leaves. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum – abaxial side ofleaf. Osogovo, village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Rod Solanum L. Stjepanović-Veseličić, L. in Josifović, M. (1974). Flora SR Srbije VI. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Beograd, pp. 85-94.

Solanum L. Hawkes, J.G. & Edmonds, J.M. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1972). Flora Europaea. Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 197 – 199.

Solanum nigrum L. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30048260-2 [Accessed 27.11.2022].

Solanum dulcamara L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Solanaceae// Genus: Solanum// Species: Solanum dulcamara L.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Hawkes & Edmonds in Tutin et al. (1972) and Stjepanović-Veseličić in Josifović (1974).

Distribution: Native to the Azores, Temperate Eurasia to Vietnam, Northwest Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Edges of woods, river banks, ruderal areas.

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL, AUG.

Solanum dulcamara – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – flower. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – fruit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – fruit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – inflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – inflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – branches with leaves and fruits. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solanum dulcamara – fruits. Osogovo, “Shtalkovichka” River, 15.08.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Rod Solanum L. Stjepanović-Veseličić, L. in Josifović, M. (1974). Flora SR Srbije VI. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Beograd, pp. 85-94.

Solanum dulcamara L. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:285213-2 [Accessed 26.11.2022].

Solanum L. Hawkes, J.G. & Edmonds, J.M. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1972). Flora Europaea. Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 197 – 199.

Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. virgaurea

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Solidago// Species: Solidago virgaurea L.//  Species: Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. virgaurea.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Gajić in Josifović (1975) and McNeill in Tutin et al. (1976).

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Central Siberia and Philippines (Luzon) according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Clearings and edges of woods and forests in the oak and European beech zone, rocky and stony terrains. Recorded from c. 500 up to 1500 m altitude. Recorded localities: village of Beli, village of Shtalkovica, village of Rajchani, Ponikva.

Flowering period: Fall: SEP, OCT, NOV.

Locality: village of Rajchani region.

Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – cauline leaf. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – stem and abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – basal leaves. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo, village of Rajchani region, 07.10.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Last update: village of Shtalkovica region.

Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence with spent capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula with achenes. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – achenes. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – achenes. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – achenes. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea –adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea –abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, “Shtalkovicka” River near village of Shtalkovica, 29.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Last update: hilly region near village of Beli.

Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – habit. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – flowering stem. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – synflorescence. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – capitula. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – stem with cauline leaves. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – stem with cauline leaves. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – basal leaves. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea – basal leaves. Hilly region near vilage of Beli, 20.09.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Gajić, M. 1975. Rod Solidago L. In Josifović, M. (ed.), Flora SR Srbije, VII. Beograd: Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, pp. 13–15.

McNeill, J. 1976. Solidago L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 110–111.

Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea. Greuter, W. 2006+: Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von, Compositae. Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published at https://europlusmed.org/. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/1692b827-4543-4b10-a46e-4f9e7404beb6 [Accessed 08.01.2026].

Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77180811-1 [Accessed 26.11.2022].

Last update: 08.01.2026.

Scabiosa triniifolia Friv.

Taxonomy: Fam. Dipsacaceae// Genus: Scabiosa// Species: Scabiosa triniifolia Friv.

Determined according to the botanical key provided in Flora Europaea Vol. 4 (Tutin et al., 1976).

Distribution: Native to the Balkan Peninsula according to The Euro+Med Plantbase (source: Domina, 2017+) and the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Open and dry habitats- dry grasslands/ pastures, shrublands, clearings of oak forests, rocky terrains, river gorges.

Lifeform: Perrenial, hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.

Flowering period: Late spring – fall: MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT.

Scabiosa triniifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – flowering stem with inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with involucre. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with involucre. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with involucre. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with flower buds. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with flower buds. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – stem with cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – stem with cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – stem and cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – stem with cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – stem with cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – stem with lower cauline leaves and basal leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – lower cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – basal leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – basal leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – developing inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – fruiting inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – fruiting inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – upper cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – stem with cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – stem with cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – lower part of plant. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – basal leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 17.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – habit. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 13.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia (habit). Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River”, 13.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 13.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Mountain ridge between Gorge of “Kochanska” River and “Kochanski Dol”, 13.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with involucre. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 13.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 13.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 13.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – lower part of plant – stems with leaves. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 13.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – basal leaves. Mountain ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 13.06.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06/2014. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06/2014. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06/2014. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06/2014. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – inflorescence with fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06/2014. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06/2014. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Scabiosa triniifolia – basal leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06/2014. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Scabiosa triniifolia. Domina, G. (2017+): Dipsacaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/d38314b1-73ab-4bc8-b2fe-fedd9ebee220 [Accessed 26.11.2022].

Scabiosa triniifolia (Jacq.) Greuter & Burdet. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320209-1 [Accessed 26.11.2022].

Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum (Loisel.) Thell. (syn. Polygonum pulchellum Loisel.)

Taxonomy: Fam. Polygonaceae// Genus: Polygonum// Species: Polygonum arenarium Waldst. & Kit.// Subspecies: Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum (Loisel.) Thell.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (1995) as Polygonum pulchellum Loisel., Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 411 (1827). In The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Uotila, 2017+) this taxon is accepted as the subspecies rank- Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum (Loisel.) Thell.,Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 186. 1912.

Lifeform: Annual; Therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from the Mediterranean to Ukraine, Caucasus and Iran according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Dry and open habitats – grasslands, pastures, rocky terrains.

Flowering period:  Late summer – fall: AUG, SEP, OCT.

Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowering stems. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – stem with flowers and leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – stem with flowers and leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – stem with flowers and leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – stem with leaves and ochreae. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – stem with leaves and ochreae. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – ochreae. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – ochreae. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – ochreae. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – lower part of plant. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – lower part of plant. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.09.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – fruit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – fruits. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 22.10.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.10.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowering stems. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.10.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowering stems. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.10.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum – flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 24.10.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Micevski, K. (1995). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 3. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum (Loisel.) Thell. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77250798-1 [Accessed 06.11.2022].

Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum. Source: Uotila, P. (2017+): Polygonaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/8c3982a3-e335-4794-83a2-094c6a1dc7b2 [Accessed 06.11.2022].

Centaurea benedicta (L.) L. (syn. Cnicus benedictus L.)

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Centaurea// Species: Centaurea benedicta (L.) L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided in Flora Europaea Vol. 4 (Tutin et al., 1976) as Cnicus benedictus L. The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Greuter, 2006+) is Centaurea benedicta (L.) L.

Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Central and South Europe to Xinjiang (China) and West Asia according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Habitat: Open habitats- hill pastures, edges of oak forests, rocky terrains, roadsides.

Flowering period: Late spring to early summer (MAY, JUN).

Locality: ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River (hills between Kochani and Orizari). Date: 04.06.2022.

Centaurea benedicta – habit. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – habit. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – habit. Osogovo, ridge between the gorges of “Kochanska” River and “Orizarska” River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – flowering stem with capitulum. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – capitulum. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – capitulum – florets and inner involucral bracts. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – capitulum. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – involucre of capitulum. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – spent capitulum. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – spent capitulum. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – stem with leaves. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – stem with leaves. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – stem with leaves. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – achenes. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea benedicta – achenes. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo, ridge between the Kochanska and Orizarska River, 04.06.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Centaurea benedicta. Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/58c7ee33-a8bd-4668-91b1-5a773a06478a [Accessed 05.11.2022].

Centaurea benedicta (L.) L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:190024-1 [Accessed 05.11.2022].

do Amaral Franco, J. 1976. Cnicus L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 301–302.

Last update: 05.11.2022.

Marrubium peregrinum L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Lamiaceae// Genus: Marrubium// Species: Marrubium peregrinum L.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided in Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1972).

Distribution: Native from East Central Europe to Caucasus and Turkey according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Open and dry habitats – grasslands, pastures, shrubland, rocky terrains, river gorges.

Lifeform: Perennial, hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.

Flowering period: Summer – fall: JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT.

Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – flowering stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – verticillasters with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – verticillasters with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – verticillasters with flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – spent flowers. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – stem, branches and leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – stem, branches and leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – stem, branches and leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – lower part of stems. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 16.07.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habitat. Southern foot of Osogovo, hills near Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habitat. Southern foot of Osogovo, hills near Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Hills near Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Hills near Kochani, 10.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – habit. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – flowering stems. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – flowering stems. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – flowering stems with verticillasters. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – verticillasters. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Marrubium peregrinum – stem with leaves. Hills near Kochani, 05.07.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Marrubium peregrinum L. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:449945-1 [Accessed 03.11.2022].

Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1972). Flora Europaea. Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.