Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Ambrosia// Species: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Hansen (1976 in Tutin et al.).

Lifeform: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Subarctic America to U.S.A. and introduced worldwide according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Roadsides and disturbed ground. The plant is not native to the Osogovo region and it is found only as a ruderal plant.

Flowering period: Summer – autumn: AUG, SEP.

Ambrosia artemisiifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – upper part of plant with synforescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – upper part of plant with synforescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – female capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – female capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – female capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – female capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – female capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – female capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – female and male capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – male capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – male capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – male capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – male capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – male capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – male capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – fruiting female capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 08.09.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Ambrosia artemisiifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – upper part of plant with developing synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – upper part of plant with developing synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – developing synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – developing synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – developing inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – developing inflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia – stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River near lake “Gradche”, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:176058-1 [Accessed 09.09.2023].

Hansen, A. 1976. Ambrosia L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 142–143.

Verbascum blattaria L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Scrophulariaceae// Genus: Verbascum// Species: Verbascum blattaria L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Ferguson in Tutin et al. (1972).

Lifeform: Annual or biennial.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Xinjiang (China) and Afghanistan; North Africa according to the distribution information provided by the the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Cultivated land, near orchards, roadsides and other ruderal areas.

Flowering period: Summer – fall: JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP.

Verbascum blattaria – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flower buds. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flower. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flower. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flower. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flower. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flower. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flower. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – calyx of spent flowers, pedicels and bracts; axis of inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – capsules. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – capsule. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – capsule. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – uppermost cauline leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – cauline leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – cauline leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – cauline leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – cauline leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – lower part of stem with cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – lower part of plant with lower cauline leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – lower cauline and basal leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – basal leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – basal leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – basal leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – habit. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – stem and branches. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – inflorescence. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – inflorescence. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flower. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flower. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – flower. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – side view of flower. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – axis of inflorescence, side view of flower with calyx, pedicel and bract. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – capsule. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – capsule. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – stem and leaves. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – stem and leaves. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Verbascum blattaria – lower part of stem. Kochani, 28.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Verbascum blattaria L. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:810828-1 [Accessed 02.09.2023].

Verbascum L. (incl. Celsia L.). Ferguson, I.K. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1972). Flora Europaea. Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 205 – 216.

Sedum hispanicum L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Crassulaceae// Genus: Sedum// Species: Sedum hispanicum L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Webb in Tutin et al. (1964) and Micevski in Micevski (1998).

Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from South Central and South Europe to Ukraine, Iran and Arabian Peninsula according to the distribution information provided by the  Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Rocky terrains and stony ground.

Flowering period: Late spring -summer: MAY, JUN.

Sedum hispanicum – habit. Osogovo – hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – habit. Osogovo – hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – habit. Osogovo – hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – flowers. Osogovo – hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – flowers. Osogovo – hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – flowers. Osogovo – hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – flowers. Osogovo – hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – stems with leaves. Osogovo – hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – stems with leaves. Osogovo – hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – habit. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 03.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – habit. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 03.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – habit. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 03.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – habit. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 03.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – habit. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 03.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – inflorescence with flowers. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 03.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – inflorescence with flowers and fruits. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 03.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – flowers and fruits. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 03.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – stem with leaves and flowers. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 03.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – leaves. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 03.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – habit in vegetative stage. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 04.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – habit in vegetative stage. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 04.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Sedum hispanicum – habit in vegetative stage. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 04.03.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Sedum hispanicum L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:275520-1 [Accessed 27.08.2023].

Sedum L. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1050 – 1069.

Sedum L. Webb, D.A. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 356 – 363.

Allium moschatum L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Amaryllidaceae// Genus: Allium// Species: Allium moschatum L. The classification is given according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 2010).

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Stearn in Tutin et al., 1980.

Lifeform: Perennial; Geophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from East Central and South Europe to Türkiye, Caucasus and Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Dry grassland/ pastures, calcareous rocky terrains in the temperate continental sub-Mediterranean belt.

Flowering period: Summer: JUL.

Allium moschatum – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scape with inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scape with inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scape with inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scape and flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scape and flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scape and valves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scape and valves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scape and valves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scapes. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – lower part of scapes and leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – lower part of scapes and leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – lower part of scape and leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – lower part of scape and leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – lower part of scape and leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – lower part of scape and leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – lower part of scape and leaves. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – bulbs. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – bulbs. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – bulbs. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – bulbs. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – habit. Scale in cm. Specimen from Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – habit. Scale in cm. Specimen from Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – habit. Scale in cm. Specimen from Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – flowers. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scape and leaves. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – scape and leaves. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Allium moschatum – bulbs. Scale in cm/ mm. Specimen from Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Allium L. Stearn, W.T. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 49 – 69.

Allium moschatum L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:528455-1 [Accessed 19.08.2023].

Allium moschatum. The Euro+Med PlantBase. 2010: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2010), copyright © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/bb092d7e-81e6-4418-ad57-40449548db02 [Accessed 19.08.2023].

Cephalaria transsylvanica (L.) Roem. & Schult.

Taxonomy: Fam. Dipsacaceae// Genus: Cephalaria// Species: Cephalaria transsylvanica Roem. & Schult.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Ferguson in Tutin et al.(1976).

Distribution: Native to South Central and South Europe to Caucasus and South European Russia according to The Euro+Med Plantbase (source: Domina, 2017+) and the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Dry grasslands, near orchards and cultivated land, roadsides and other ruderal areas.

Lifeform: Annual, therophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.

Flowering period: Summer: JUL, AUG.

Cephalaria transsylvanica – habit. Ruderal area near Kochani, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – habit in habitat. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – habit. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – habit. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – inflorescence. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – developing inflorescence with scales. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – developing inflorescence with scales. Osogovo- hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – involucre of capitulum. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – involucre of capitulum, scales and peduncle. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – involucre of capitulum, scales and peduncle. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – involucre of capitulum, scales and peduncle. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – involucre of capitulum, scales and peduncle. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – developing capitulum. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – scales of capitulum. a – appressed-pubescent indumentum of scale.; b -cilia of scale. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – fruiting capitulum. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – capitulum with fruits. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – capitulum with fruits. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – capitulum with fruits. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – capitulum with fruits. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – upper cauline leaves. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – stem and leaves. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – stem and leaves. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – stem and leaves. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – stem and leaves. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – stem and leaves. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – lower part of plant. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – lower part of plant. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – stem. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – lower part of stem. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – stem base and root. Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – scales of flowering capitulum (left) and fruiting capitulum (right). Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – fruits. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalaria transsylvanica – ripe fruits. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo – hilly region near village of Beli, 18.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Cephalaria Schrader. Ferguson, I. K. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 57 – 58.

Cephalaria transsylvanica. Domina, G. (2017+): Dipsacaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/8cea8384-bd8c-4975-8c95-a7eb3cf88597 [Accessed 19.08.2023].

Cephalaria transsylvanica L. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319196-1 [Accessed 19.08.2023].

Aegopodium podagraria L.

Taxonomy: Apiaceae// Genus: Aegopodium// Species: Aegopodium podagraria L.

Determined according to the botanical keys (key to genera and Aegopodium L.) provided by Tutin in Tutin at al. (1968) and Matevski in Micevski (2005).

Lifeform: Perrenial, hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to West Siberia, Central Asia and Türkiye according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Moist habitats – along streams and rivers, as part of the hydrophilous (tall herb fringe) communities. Recorded from the lowland up to c. 1500 m altitude.

Flowering period: Summer: JUL.

Locality: Ponikva.

Aegopodium podagraria – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – upper part of plant with umbels. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – upper part of plant with umbels. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – upper part of plant with umbels. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – umbel. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – umbel. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – umbel. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – umbel. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – rays and pedicels. Bracteoles absent. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – rays and pedicels. Bracteoles absent. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – peduncle and rays. Bracts absent. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – peduncle and rays. Bracts absent. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – peduncle and rays. Bracts absent. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – umbel with fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – developing fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – stem and uppermost cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – stem and inflated petiole of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Locality: gorge of “Kochanska” River.

Aegopodium podagraria – habit. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – inflorescence – umbel. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – inflorescence – umbel. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – peduncle and rays. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – fruiting umbel. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – developing fruits. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – upper cauline leaves. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – middle cauline leaves. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – lower cauline leaves. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – basal leaves. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – basal leaves. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – basal leaves. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Aegopodium podagraria – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – gorge of “Kochanska” River, 28.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Aegopodium podagraria. Hand, R. 2011+: Apiaceae. – In: Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published at https://europlusmed.org/. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/edb43413-f484-4952-823a-6e467eddf632 [Accessed 01.01.2026].

Aegopodium podagraria L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:5849-2 [Accessed 19.08.2023].

Matevski, V. (2005) ‘Aegopodium L.’, in Micevski, K. (ed.) The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1568-1569.

Matevski, V. (2005) ‘Umbelliferae (key to genera)’ in Micevski, K. (ed.). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1529 – 1534.

Tutin, T. G. (1968) ‘Aegopodium L.’ in Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.) Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 333.

Tutin, T. G. (1968) ‘Umbelliferae (key to genera)’ in Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M., & Webb, D. A. (eds). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 315 – 319.

Last update: 01.01.2026.

Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia (DC.) Gremli (syn. Centaurea pannonica (Heuffel) Simonkai subsp. pannonica)

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus:  Centaurea// Species: Centaurea jacea L.// Subspecies: Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia (DC.) Gremli.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Dostál in Tutin et al. (1976) as Centaurea pannonica (Heuffel) Simonkai, Math. Term. Közl. 24: 620 (1891) – subsp. pannonica. According to The Euro+Med PlantBase (Greuter, 2006+) this taxon is a synonym of Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia (DC.) Gremli, Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 2: 248. 1874.

Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to Europe according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (Greuter, 2006+) and the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Edges of woods, grasslands, roadsides and ruderal areas.

Flowering period: Summer: JUL, AUG.

Locality: village of Nivichani. Date: 13.08.2023.

Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – habit. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – habit. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – habit. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – habit. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – habit. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – upper part of plant. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – side view of capitulum – involucre. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – side view of capitulum – involucre. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – side view of capitulum – involucre. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – side view of capitulum – involucre. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – side view of capitulum – involucre. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – side view of capitulum – involucre. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – fruiting capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – fruiting capitulum. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – stems with leaves. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – upper cauline leaves. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – upper part of stem and upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – upper part of stem and upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – middle cauline leaves. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – middle cauline leaves. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – middle cauline leaf. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – lower cauline leaves. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – stem. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – stem. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – lower part of stems. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – stem base – involucre. Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Scaled images.

Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – habit. Scale in cm. Specimen from Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – habit. Scale in cm. Specimen from Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – habit. Scale in cm. Specimen from Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – upper part of plant with branches. Scale in cm. Specimen from Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – upper part of plant with branches. Scale in cm. Specimen from Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – capitulum. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – outer florets. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – inner florets. Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia – outer, middle and inner involucral bracts (left to right). Scale in mm. Specimen from Osogovo – village of Nivichani, 13.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia (DC.) Gremli. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77253075-1 [Accessed 10.03.2026].

Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia. Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/d4eccf34-ec36-4448-9ca5-015ddc6fe6a5 [Accessed 17.08.2023].

Dostál, J. 1976. Centaurea L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 254–301.

Last update: 10.03.2026.

Senecio rupestris Waldst. & Kit.

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Senecio// Species: Senecio (L.) Moench.// Aggregate: Senecio squalidus aggr.// Species: Senecio rupestris Waldst. & Kit.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Gajić (1975 in Josifović), Chater and Walters (1976 in Tutin et al.) and Barone et al. (2022). In Flora Europaea (Chater and Walters in Tutin et al., 1976) Senecio rupestris Waldst. & Kit. was included within Senecio squalidus L.

Lifeform: Perennial plant. Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Central Europe to Italy, Sardinia, Southeast Europe and Aegean Islands according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Greuter, 2006+).

Habitat: Mountain pastures. Recorded in the region of Carev Vrv Peak, at c. 2080 m a.s.l.

Flowering period: Summer: JUL, AUG.

Locality: Carev Vrv Peak. Date: 06.07.2024.

Senecio rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitula. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitula. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitulum. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitulum. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – side view of capitulum and involucre. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – side view of capitulum and involucre. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – side view of capitulum and involucre; upper cauline leaves. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – spent capitula. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – stem and leaves. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – leaf. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – leaf. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – leaf. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – stem and lower leaf. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – lower leaves. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – stem and lower leaf. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris –adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris –adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – developing shoot. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..
Senecio rupestris – developing shoot. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 06.07.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Locality: Carev Vrv Peak. Date: 15.07.2023.

Senecio rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitula. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitula. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitula. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitulum. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitulum. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitulum. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – capitulum. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – involucral bracts. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – involucral bracts. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – stems with leaves. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – stem and leaves. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – stem and leaves. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – habit. Scale in cm. Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Senecio rupestris – ovary and papus of marginal and inner florets and indumentum of ovary under mag hairs under marginal . Osogovo – “Carev vrv” peak, 15.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Barone, G., Domina, G., Bartolucci, F., Galasso, G. and Peruzzi L. (2022). A Nomenclatural and Taxonomic Revision of the Senecio squalidus Group (Asteraceae). Plants (Basel), 11 (19): 2597. doi: 10.3390/plants11192597. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572006/pdf/plants-11-02597.pdf [Accessed 17.08.2023].

Chater, A.O. and Walters, S.M. 1976. Senecio L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 191–205.

Gajić, M. 1975. Rod Senecio L. In Josifović (ed.), Flora SR Srbije, VII. Beograd: Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, pp. 142–170.

Senecio rupestris. Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/1632d0f2-0db1-4549-896c-5de5310d8d00 [Accessed 17.08.2023].

Last update: 30.07.2024.

Conium maculatum L.

Taxonomy: Apiaceae// Genus: Conium// Species: Conium maculatum L.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Tutin (1968 in Tutin et al., Umbelliferae – key to genera; Conium L.); Matevski (2005, Umbelliferae – key to genera) and Micevski (2005 in Matevski, Conium L.)

Lifeform: Biennial.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Xinjiang (China), West Himalaya and Arabian Peninsula, North Africa to Ethiopia according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Edges of woods, roadsides, near orchards and cultivated land and other ruderal areas.

Flowering period: Late spring – summer: MAY, JUN.

Conium maculatum – habit. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – habit. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – habit. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – habit. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – upper part of plant with umbels. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – upper part of plant with umbels. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – umbels. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – umbels. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – rays and bracteoles of partial umbels. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – rays and bracteoles of partial umbels. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – bracts, rays and bracteoles of partial umbels. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – bracts, rays and bracteoles of partial umbels. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – umbel with fruits. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – fruits. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – fruits. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – fruits. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – stem and upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – upper cauline leaves. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – middle cauline leaf Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – stem. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – stem. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Conium maculatum – stem. Osogovo, ruderal area between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Conium maculatum. Hand, R. 2011+: Apiaceae. – In: Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published at https://europlusmed.org/. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/68649bc1-3338-4db8-879c-ebf46ece0624 [Accessed 03.01.2026].

Conium maculatum L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:840668-1 [Accessed 16.08.2023].

Matevski, V. 2005. Umbelliferae (key to genera), The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. I, Book 6. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1529–1534.

Micevski, K. 2005. Conium L. In Matevski, V. (ed.), The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. I, Book 6. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1587–1588.

Tutin, T. G. 1968. Conium L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M., & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 342.

Tutin, T. G. 1968. Umbelliferae (key to genera). In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (ed.), Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 315–319.

Last update: 03.01.2026.

Pilosella echioides (Lumn.) F. W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. (syn. Hieracium echioides Lumn.)

Taxonomy: Fam. Compositae// Genus: Pilosella// Species: Pilosella echioides (Lumn.) F. W. Schultz & Sch. Bip.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Gajić in Josifović (1975) and Sell and West in Tutin et al. (1976) as Hieracium echioides Lumn., Fl. Poson. 348 (1791). The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Greuter, 2006+) is Pilosella echioides (Lumn.) F. W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. in Flora 45: 431. 1862.

Lifeform: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Central Europe to Siberia, Mongolia, West Himalaya and Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Open and dry habitats – dry grasslands, rocky terrains.

Flowering period: Summer – fall: JUL, AUG.

Pilosella echioides – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – habit. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – flowering stems with synflorescences. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – synflorescence. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – capitula. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – side view of capitulum – involucre. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – side view of capitulum – involucre. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – side view of capitulum – involucre. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – side view of capitulum – involucre. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – fruiting capitulum. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – achenes. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – upper part of stem with leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – stem with cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – lower part of plant. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – stems with leaves and plant base with rootstock. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – upper part of stem and upper cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – abaxial side of upper leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – upper part of stem and adaxial side of upper leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – cauline leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – adaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – abaxial side of leaf. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – upper part of stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – upper part of stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – upper part of stem. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – middle part of stem with hairs. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – middle part of stem with hairs. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – lower part of stem with hairs. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – lower part of stem with hairs. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Pilosella echioides – lower part of stem with hairs. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 06.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Hieracium L. (incl. Pilosella Hill.). Sell, P. D. & West., C. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1976). Flora Europaea. Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 358 – 410.

Pilosella echioides. Greuter, W. (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). – In: Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/be726b5c-40fa-455d-9fda-2dc83f063c34 [Accessed 15.08.2023].

Pilosella echioides (Lumn.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:238076-1 [Accessed 15.08.2023].

Rod HIERACIUM L. Gajić, M. in Josifović (1975). Flora SR Srbije VII. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Beograd, pp. 336-465.