Lifeform: Perennial plant. Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Determined as Arum orientale subsp. lucanum (Cavara & Grande) Prime, Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 384. (1978) according to the botanical keys provided by Prime (1980 in Tutin et al.) and Arum alpinum Schott & Kotschy, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 9: 285. (1851) according to Bedalov and Drenkovski (1997). According to the Euro+Med PlantBase (Raab-Straube, 2021+), both are considered synonyms of Arumcylindraceum Gasp. in Gussone, Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 597. 1844.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Türkiye and Cyprus according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Raab-Straube, 2021+).
Habitat: Forests and woods.
Flowering period: Spring (MAY).
Locality: village of Pantelej region. Date: 03.05.2024.
Arum cylindraceum – habit. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – inflorescence. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – limb of spathe and appendix of spadix. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – tubular part of spathe. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – spadix and elements of spadix. A: spadix. B: appendix. C: upper sterile flowers (usf), male flowers (mf) and lower sterile flowers (lsf). D: female flowers. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – leaves. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – leaf. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – leaf petioles and discoid tuber. Osogovo – village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: Shtalkovichka River near village of Shtalkovica. Date: 17.04.2023.
Arum cylindraceum – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 17.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 17.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 17.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – habit. The pedicel is slightly shorter to slightly longer than the petiole. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – habit. The pedicel is slightly shorter to slightly longer than the petiole. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – leaf lamina. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – leaf lamina. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – rootstock with tuber. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum cylindraceum – A: inflorescence. B: apendix of spadix. The spadix is c. 3 mm -4 mm wide at top, without distinct stalk at base. C: upper sterile flowers (usf) and appendix (a). The upper sterile flowers are arranged in 6 to 8 rows. D: male flowers (mf), female flowers (ff) and lower sterile flowers (lsf) in between. Specimen from Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bedalov, M. and Drenkovski, R. (1997). The genus Arum (Araceae) in the F.Y.R. Makedonija. Bocconea 5, pp 781-785. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.herbmedit.org/bocconea/5-781.pdf [Accessed 01.05.2023].
Prime, C. T. 1980. Arum L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 269–271.
Taxonomy: Fam. Juglandaceae// Genus: Juglans// Species: Juglans regia L.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (1993).
Lifeform: Perennial, tree; Mesophanerophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Poland, Türkiye to Lebanon and West Himalaya; introduced in parts of Europe, Asia, North Africa and Mexico according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). Also native to Southeast Europe according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Uotila, 2011+).
Habitat: Found in the the oak forests belt in river gorges and near rivers, near settlements and orchards. Common species in cultivation.
Flowering period: Spring: MAY.
Juglans regia – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – flowering branches. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – flowering branch. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – flowering branch. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – flowering branch with female flowers and male inflorescences (catkins). Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – female flower. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – female flowers. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – female flowers. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – male catkin. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – male catkins. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – male catkin. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – male catkin. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – young leaves. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – leaflets. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – tree crown with branches. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – tree trunk. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – tree trunk. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – fruit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – twig with leaves. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – twig with leaves. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – leaves. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Juglans regia – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 09.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Juglans L. Micevski, K. (1993). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 2. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 214 – 215.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Webb in Tutin et al. (1964) and Micevski (1998).
Two subspecies of Saxifraga rotundifolia L. occur in the Osogovo region: Saxifraga rotundifolia L. subsp. rotundifolia and Saxifraga rotundifolia subsp. chrysosplenifolia (Boiss.) D. A. Webb. Distinction between subspecies:
–Saxifraga rotundifolia L. subsp. rotundifolia: leaves with thin cartilaginous margin; petiole slender, not widened above.
–Saxifraga rotundifolia subsp. chrysosplenifolia (Boiss.) D. A. Webb.: leaves without cartilaginous margin; lamina decurrent on the petiole, the petiole widened above.
Lifeform: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Central and South Europe to Iran according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Shaded and moist positions – edges and clearings forests, river gorges, from c. 750 m up to 1400 m altitude.
Flowering period: Late spring – early summer: MAY, JUN.
Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – habit. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – inflorescence. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – flower. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – flowers. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – flower. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – side view of flowers with calyx, pedicels. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – cauline leaf. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – cauline leaf. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaves. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaf. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaf. Petiole slender, not widened above. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – adaxial side of basal leaf. Petiole slender, not widened above. Osogovo – region between Visoka chuka (Ponikva) and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – flower. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – flower. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – flower. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – flower. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – side view of flower with calyx. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – cauline leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – cauline leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – cauline leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – cauline leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – cauline leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaves. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaves. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaves. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – base of lamina. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaf petiole. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – basal leaf petiole. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – abaxial side of basal leaf and leaf petiole. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – lower part of stem. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – plant base with rootstock. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – cartilaginous margin of leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – cartilaginous margin of leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Saxifraga rotundifoliasubsp. rotundifolia – cartilaginous margin of leaf. Osogovo – “Shtalkovihka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Saxifraga L. Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1069 – 1091.
Saxifraga L. Webb, D.A. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 364 – 380.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Richardson in Tutin et al. (1972).
Note: in the Osogovo populations, the indumentum (an important taxonomic trait) is more or less consistent for the stems (glandular villous) and leaves (lanate to villous), while the indumentum of pedicels and calyces somewhat varies – from glandular pubescent (typical indumentum) to scarcely glandular puberulent.
Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to the Balkan Peninsula according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Marhold, 2011+).
Habitat: Rocky terrains – rock crevices and rock cliffs. Found in the southwestern part of Osogovo, from c. 800 up to 1600 m altitude (“Ratkova skala” region, Visoka chuka -Ponikva, Panagjur peak – Ponikva).
Flowering period: Spring – summer: APR, MAY, JUN.
Locality: “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica.
Scrophularia aestivalis – habit in habitat. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowering stem with cymes and leaf like bracts. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowering stem with cymes and leaf like bracts. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowering stem with cymes and leaf like bracts. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowering stem with cymes and leaf like bracts. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowering stem with cymes and leaf like bracts. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – inflorescence – cyme. with flower and flower buds Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – inflorescence – cyme. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – side view of flower with calyx. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flower. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – calyx. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – side view of flower with calyx. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – side view of flowers with calyx. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – the calyx is hirsute in fruit; glandular -villous peduncle and pedicels. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – capsule. The calyx is hirsute in fruit; glandular -villous peduncle and pedicels. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – cyme with capsules. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – calyx. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – capsule. The calyx is hirsute in fruit; glandular -villous peduncle and pedicels. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – capsule. The calyx is hirsute in fruit; glandular -villous peduncle and pedicels. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – glandular – villous peduncle and pedicels. The calyx is hirsute in fruit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – leaf like bracts. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – leaf like bract. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – stem with leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – glandular – villous stem and leaf petioles. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – glandular – villous stem, branches and leaf petioles. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – glandular – villous leaf petioles. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – glandular – villous stem. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – lower part of stem. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – stem with capsules from the previous year. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – capsules from the previous year. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – capsules from the previous year. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – capsules from the previous year. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: Visoka chuka (Ponikva).
Scrophularia aestivalis – habit. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowering stems. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowering stem with cymes. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowering stem with cymes. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowers. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowers. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowers. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flowers. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – flower buds and leaf-like bracts. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – developing capsules. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – developing capsules. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – calyx of developing capsule. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – developing capsules. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – leaf like bract. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – stem. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Visoka chuka (Ponikva), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva).
Scrophularia aestivalis – habit. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – habit. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – habit. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – habit. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – stem with fruits. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – capsules. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – capsules. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Scrophularia aestivalis – adaxial side of leaves. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..Scrophularia aestivalis – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..Scrophularia aestivalis – lower part ofplant. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..Scrophularia aestivalis – stem. Osogovo – “Panagjur” peak (Ponikva), 20.08.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Webb in Tutin et al. (1964) and Micevski in Micevski (1998).
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Macaronesia, from West Europe to the Mediterranean and Arabian Peninsula according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Shaded places in rocky terrains, usually found on the edges of woods and forests where the rocks and cliffs are shaded by the trees.
Flowering time: Spring – summer: MAY, JUN.
Umbilicus rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – terminal part of inflorescence. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – flowers and bracts. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – flowers and bracts. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – base of inflorescence with developing branches. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – spent inflorescence from the previous year. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – spent inflorescence from the previous year. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – lower part of stem with cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – lower part of stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – cauline leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – cauline leaves; lower part of inflorescence with bracts. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – basal leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – basal leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – basal leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – basal leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – basal leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – basal leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – basal leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Umbilicus rupestris – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Umbilicus DC. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1039 – 1041.
Umbilicus DC. Webb, D.A. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 351-352.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Amaral Franco in Tutin et al. (1968) and Micevski in Micevski (1998).
Lifeform: Perennial, shrub; Nanophanerophyte – microphanerophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from West and South Europe to Caucasus and Iraq; Northwest Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Habitat: Rocky terrains.
Flowering period: Spring: MAY.
Amelanchier ovalis – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Amelanchier ovalis – flowering branch. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – flowering branch. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – flowers. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – inflorescence- pedicels and side view of flowers with hypanthium. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – developing fruit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – adaxial side of leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – leaf petioles and stipules. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – branches. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – branches. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Amelanchier ovalis – flower size. Scale in mm/cm. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Amelanchier Medicus. do Amaral Franco, J. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 71 – 72.
Amelanchier Medicus. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1018 – 1019.
Taxonomy: Fam. Poaceae// Genus: Anthoxanthum// Species: Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Tutin in Tutin et al. (1980).
Distribution: Native to Macaronesia, Europe to Mongolia, Northwest Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Open habitats – grasslands/ pastures, rocky terrains.
Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.
Anthoxanthum odoratum – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Anthoxanthum odoratum – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – habit. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – panicles. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – panicles. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – panicle. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – panicle. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – panicles. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – panicle with spikelets. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – panicle with spikelets. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – panicle with spikelets. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – panicle with spikelets. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – panicle with spikelets. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – stems with leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – stems with cauline leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – cauline leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – stem, leaf and ligule. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – stem, leaf and ligule. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – stem node. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – lower part of plant with lower cauline leves and basal leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – lower part of plant with lower cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – basal leaves. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – plant base with vegetative shoots. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – plant base with vegetative shoots. Osogovo – “Ratkova Skala” region between the villages of Shtalkovica and Ratkovica, 29.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Anthoxanthum odoratum – spikelets. Scale in mm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Matevski in Micevski (2005).
Lifeform: Annual, biennial or perennial; therophyte or hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to North Macedonia and Greece according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and The Euro+Med Plantbase (source: Uotila, 2011+).
Habitat: Open habitats- dry grasslands/ hill pastures on calcareous soil – calcicole species.
Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.
Thesium macedonicum– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– flowering stem. All parts of the plant are covered with dense hairs. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– flowering stem with flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– flowering stem with flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– flowering stem with flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– flowering stem with developing fruits, leaves, bracts and bracteoles. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– flowering stem with developing fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– stem and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– plant base. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– stem with fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– stem with fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– stem with fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– stems with fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– stem with fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– stems with fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– stems with fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– stems with leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 07.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– flowering stem. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 07.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– stem with fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 07.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– fruits and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 07.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Thesium macedonicum– leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 07.06.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Thesium L. Matevski, V. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1683 – 1690.
Taxonomy: Fam. Araceae// Genus: Arum// Species: Arum orientale M. Bieb.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Prime (1980 in Tutin et al.) and Bedalov and Drenkovski (1997).
Distribution: Native from East Central Europe to Caucasus and Syria according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew); also native to Central Europe to Sweden according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Raab-Straube, 2021+).
Habitat: Edges of oak forests and woods.
Lifeform: Perennial plant. Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Flowering period: Spring: MAY.
Locality: village of Beli. Date: 01.05.2023.
Arum orientale– habit in habitat. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– the peduncle is less than half as long as the petiole. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– appendix and spathe. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– stalk of appendix. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– spadix with female flowers at base, male flowers and sterile flowers between male and female flowers and above the male flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: village of Beli. Date: 02.04.2023.
Arum orientale– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– plant base and leaf petioles. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– tuber. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– tuber. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– tuber. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: village of Beli. Date: 13.08.2022.
Arum orientale– plant in fruiting stage. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 13.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– fruits. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 13.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– plant in fruiting stage. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 13.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– pedubcle and dried spathe. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 13.08.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: village of Beli. Date: 26.03.2022.
Arum orientale– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 26.03.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Arum orientale– habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 26.03.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Bedalov, M. and Drenkovski, R. (1997). The genus Arum (Araceae) in the F.Y.R. Makedonija. Bocconea 5, pp 781-785. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.herbmedit.org/bocconea/5-781.pdf [Accessed 01.05.2023].
Prime, C. T. 1980. Arum L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 269–271.
Taxonomy: Fam. Geraniaceae// Genus: Geranium// Species: Geranium tuberosum L.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Webb and Ferguson in Tutin et al. (1968) and Micevski in Micevski (2005).
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from the Mediterranean region to Iran and Turkmenistan according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Found in ruderal habitats – on and near cultivated ground, roadsides.
Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.
Geranium tuberosum – habit. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – habit. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – habit. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – habit. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – habit. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – habit. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – flowering stems. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – flowering stem with inflorescence. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – inflorescence. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – inflorescence. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – inflorescence. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – flowers. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – flower. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – flower. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – flower. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – flower. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – flower. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – flower. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – calyx of flower. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – calyx of flower. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – spent flowers. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – upper bracts. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – upper bracts. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – lower bracts. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – lower bracts. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – basal leaves. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – basal leaves. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – basal leaves. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – basal leaf. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – basal leaf. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Geranium tuberosum – tuberous stock. Ruderal area between Kochani and village of Beli, 01.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Geranium L. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1485 – 1509.
Geranium L. Webb, D.A. and Ferguson, I.K. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 193 – 199.
