Taxonomy: Fam. Rutaceae// Genus: Dictamnus// Species: Dictamnus albus L.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Townsend in Tutin et al. (1968) and Micevski in Micevski (2005).
Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Altay (southern Siberia in Russia), West Himalaya and Sinai (Egypt) according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Hill pastures, sparse woods and edges of oak forests in the lower parts, up to c. 700 m altitide (villages of Beli, Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” region).
Flowering period: Late spring – early summer: MAY, JUN.
Dictamnus albus – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flower. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flower. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – pedicel and calyx. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – pedicel and calyx. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stem. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stem and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stem and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stem. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stem. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – petals. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – petals. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stamens. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus –stamens and style. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – calyx of flowers. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – branches of inflorescence with flower buds. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – branches of inflorescence and side view of flowers (calyx). Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – branch of inflorescence and pedicels. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – branches of inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – inflorescence with dehisced capsules from the previous year. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – dehisced capsule from the previous year. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – dehisced capsule from the previous year. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – dehisced capsule from the previous year. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stems with leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stems with leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stem and leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stem. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – stem. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dictamnus albus – plant base. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 28.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Dictamnus L. Townsend, C.C. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 229.
Dictamnus L. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (2005). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 6. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1448 – 1449.
Taxonomy: Fam. Fabaceae// Genus: Trifolium// Species: Trifolium leucanthum M. Bieb.//
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Coombe in Tutin et al. (1968) and Micevski (2001).
Lifeform: Annual; therophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Mediterranean to Caucasus according to the distribution information provided by The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 2010) and the Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Grasslands/ pastures, clearings of oak forests.
Flowering period: Late spring – summer: MAY, JUN.
Trifolium leucanthum – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – flowering stems. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – inflorescences and opposite upper leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – inflorescences. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – inflorescences. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – inflorescences. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – side view of flowers (calyces); calyx tooth with 3 veins. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – opposite upper leaves and peduncles of inflorescences. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – opposite upper leaves and peduncle of inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – upper leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – upper leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – abaxial side of upper leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – stem, leaves, stipules and peduncles. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – stems with leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – stems with middle leaf and stipules. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – stems with middle leaf and stipules. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – stipules. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – stems and lover cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – stem. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – plant base and root. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – plant base and root. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – root. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Trifolium leucanthum – fruiting calyx. Scale in mm. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Trifolum L. Coombe, D.E. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 157 – 172.
Trifolium L. Micevski, K. (2001). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 5. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1290-1345.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Chater in Tutin et al. (1980).
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Xinjiang (China) according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Moist places, edges of woods and forests. Recorded in the region of village of Pantelej and between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality.
Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.
Locality: hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality.
Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – flowering and vegetative stems. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – flowering stem with male and female spikelets. The lowest bracts equals or exceeds the inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – flowering stem with male and female spikelets. The lowest bracts equals or exceeds the inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – flowering stem with male and female spikelets. The lowest bracts equals or exceeds the inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – developing male spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – male spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – male spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – male spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet and bracts. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – bracts. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – bracts. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – adaxial side of bracts. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – adaxial side of bracts. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – lower part of stems with leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – stems with leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski..Carex melanostachya – vegetative stems with leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – stems and leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – base of stems with basal sheaths. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – base of stem with basal sheath. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – fruiting stems. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – stem fruit fruiting female spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – adaxial side of bract. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – abaxial side of bract. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – stems and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – basal sheaths. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – stem base and basal sheaths. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: village of Pantelej region.
Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – habit. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – stem with spikelets and bracts. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – stem with spikelets and bracts. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – male spikelet. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – male spikelet. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – adaxial side of bract (left) and abaxial side of bract (right). Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – adaxial side of bract (left) and abaxial side of bract (right). Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex melanostachya – adaxial side of leaf(left), abaxial side of leaf (center) and ligule (right). Osogovo, village of Pantelej region, 03.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Chater, A. O. 1980. Carex L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 5. Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 290–323.
Taxonomy: Fam. Poaceae// Genus: Patzkea// Species: Patzkea paniculata (L.) G. H. Loos// Subspecies: Patzkea paniculata (L.) G. H. Loos subsp. paniculata.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Markgraf-Dannenberg in Tutin et al. (1980) as Festuca paniculata (L.) Schinz & Thell. subsp. paniculata. The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase (Valdés & Scholz; with contributions from Raab-Straube & Parolly) is Patzkea paniculata (L.) G. H. Loos subsp. paniculata.
Lifeform: Caespitose perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from South Europe to South Central and Southeast Europe according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Rocky terrains.
Flowering period: Late spring – early summer: MAY, JUN.
Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – habitat. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – habit. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – habit. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – habit. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – habit. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – habit. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – habit. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – panicle. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – panicle. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – panicle. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – panicle. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – stems with cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – stems with cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – lower part of plant with basal leaves. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – lower part of plant with basal leaves. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – lower part of plant with basal leaves. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – lower part of plant with basal leaves. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – basal leaves. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – basal leaves. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – adaxial side of leaf with ribs. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – adaxial side of leaf with ribs and stem node. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – adaxial side of leaf with ribs and stem node. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – stem and leaf sheath with ligules. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – stem and leaf sheath with ligules. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – stem and leaf sheath with ligules. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – stem node. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – persistent sheaths of old leaves. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – plant base. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – plant base. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – size of spikelets. Scale in mm. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – ovary under magnification. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – habit. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – fruiting panicle. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets with grains. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets with grains. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata – spikelets with grains. Osogovo – rocky terrain in the region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 01.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Festuca L. Markgraf-Dannenberg, I. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 125 – 153.
Patzkea paniculata subsp. paniculata. Valdés, B. & Scholz, H.; with contributions from Raab-Straube, E. von & Parolly, G. (2009+): Poaceae (pro parte majore). Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/d02d5a3b-996c-4f03-b523-0fdbd058fffb [Accessed 24.05.2023].
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Holub in Tutin et al. (1980).
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Caucasus, Mongolia and West Siberia according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Meadows and sparse woods in the European beech forests belt.
Flowering period: Late spring – early summer: MAY, JUN.
Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – habitat. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– habit in habitat. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– habit. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – habit. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – panicle. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – panicle. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – panicle. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– panicle. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– panicle. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – panicle. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– spikelets. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– spikelets. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– spikelets. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– spikelet. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– spikelet. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– spikelet. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– spikelet. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– spikelet. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– stem. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– cauline leaf. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens– abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – ligules. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – lower part of plant – basal leaves. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – basal leaves. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – basal leaf. The leaves have two lines of bulliform cells along the central vein Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – stem base with leaf sheaths of withered leaves. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Avenula pubescens subsp. pubescens – stem base with leaf sheaths of withered leaves. Osogovo – region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Avenula (Dumort.) Dumort. Holub, J. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 210 – 216.
Taxonomy: Fam. Lamiaceae// Genus: Ajuga// Species: Ajuga reptans L.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Ball in Tutin et al. (1972) and Matevski (2021).
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Iran, Northwest Africa according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Near streams and rivers, moist places in forests. Recorded from c. 800 up to 1500 m altitude on the following localities: “Shtalkovichka’ River (Mangov Kamen), Ponikva, Jamishko Osoe.
Flowering period: Spring to early summer (MAY, JUN).
Locality: Ponikva.
Ajuga reptans – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – flowering stems. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – flower buds and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – flowers and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – flowers and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – flowers and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – flowers and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – flowers and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – flowers and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – flowers and bracts; internodes with alternate pubescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – lower bracts; internodes with alternate pubescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – lower bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – basal leaves and stolons. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – basal leaves and stolons. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stolon. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stolons. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stolons. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – leaves of stolon. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – leaves of stolon. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: “Shtalkovichka” River (Mangov Kamen).
Ajuga reptans – habit. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – habit. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – verticillasters with flowers. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – verticillasters with flowers. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – verticillasters with flowers. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – verticillasters with flowers. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – lower verticillasters. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – bract of lower verticillaster. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stem and cauline leaves. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stem. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – basal leaf and leafy stolon. Osogovo – “”Shtalkovichka” River, 07.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Locality: Jamishko Osoe (near Ponikva).
Ajuga reptans – habit. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – inflorescence. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – flowers. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stem with leaves and stolons. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stem and leaves. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stem. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – stem. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Ajuga reptans – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Jamishko Osoe, 31.05.2025. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Ball, P. W. 1972. Ajuga L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 128–129.
Matevski, V. 2021. Ajuga L., The Flora of the RN Macedonia. Vol II, Book 2. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, pp. 206–214.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Valentine, Merxmüller and Schmidt in Tutin et al. (1968) and Micevski (1995).
Lifeform: Perennial; chemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Canary Islands, Europe to East Aegean Islands; Northwest Africa according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). Also native to Lebanon according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (Raab-Straube & Henning, 2018+).
Habitat: European beech forests (Ponikva).
Flowering period: Late spring – early summer: MAY, JUN.
Viola riviniana – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – flowering stems. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – side view of flower – spur and calyx with appendages. The appendages are up to 3 mm long. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – spur and calyx with appendages. The appendages are up to 3 mm long. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – spur and calyx with appendages. The appendages are up to 3 mm long. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – spur and calyx with appendages. The appendages are up to 3 mm long. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – spur and calyx with appendages. The appendages are up to 3 mm long. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – spur and calyx with appendages. The appendages are up to 3 mm long. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – pedicel with bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – stem with cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – stem with cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – stem with cauline leaves and stipules. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – stem with cauline leaves and stipules. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – stipule of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – basal leaf Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – plant base and rhizome. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – habit – plant with cleistogamous flowers and capsules. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – cleistogamous flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – cleistogamous flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – capsule. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – capsule. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola riviniana – capsule. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.07.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Viola L. Micevski, K. (1995). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 3. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 503 – 548.
Viola L. Valentine, D. H., Merxmüller, H. and Schmidt, A. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 270 – 282.
Taxonomy: Fam. Rosaceae// Genus: Malus// Species: Malus florentina (Zuccagni) C. K. Schneid.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Terpó in Tutin et al. (1968) and Micevski in Micevski (1998).
Lifeform: Perennial, shrub or small tree up to c. 4 to 6 m high; microphanerophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native to Italy, Balkan Peninsula to Türkiye according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Kurtto, 2009+).
Habitat: Sparse woods, edges and clearings of oak forests.
Flowering period: Late spring: MAY.
Malus florentina – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – part of the crown with flowering branches. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – flowering branches. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – flowering branches. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – flowers. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – calyx, hypanthium and pedicel. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – calyx, hypanthium and pedicel. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – calyx, hypanthium and pedicel. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – calyx, hypanthium and pedicel. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – twigs. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – stem of twig, leaves with stipules. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – stem of twig, leaves with stipules. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – branch. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – branch. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – branch. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – branches. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – branches. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – trunk with branches. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina – trunk. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Rajchani, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– flowering branches. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– calyx, hypanthium and pedicel. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– twigs. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– flower. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Malus florentina– trunks. Osogovo, hilly region between the village of Rajchani and the “Svilanovo” locality, 20.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Malus Miller. Micevski, K. in Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1006 – 1009.
Malus Miller. Terpó, A. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66 – 67.
Taxonomy: Apiaceae// Genus: Tordylium// Species: Tordylium apulum L.
Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Tutin (1968 in Tutin at al., Umbelliferae: key to genera and Tordylium L.), Matevski (2005, Umbelliferae: key to genera) and Micevski (2005 in Matevski, Tordylium L.).
Lifeform: Biennial plant.
Distribution: Native to the Mediterranean Region according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Near roads, urban and suburban areas and other ruderal habitats. Recorded in Kochani, the hilly regions near village of Beli and between the villages of Beli and Nivichani.
Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.
Tordylium apulum – habit. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – habit. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – habit. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – inflorescence. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – inflorescence. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – inflorescence. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – inflorescence. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – inflorescence with bracts and partial umbels with bracteoles. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – flowers. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – partial umbels with bracteoles. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – bracts. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – fruiting inflorescence. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – fruits. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – fruits. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – fruits. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – fruits. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – fruits. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – fruits. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – stem and uppermost leaf. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – stem and leaf. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – stem and leaf. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – stem and leaf. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – stem with leaves. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – basal leaves. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – basal leaf. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – adaxial side of basal leaf. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – abaxial side of basal leaf. Kochani, 17.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – habit. Kochani, 27.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – habit. Kochani, 27.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – flowering stems with inflorescences. Kochani, 27.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – inflorescence. Kochani, 27.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – flowers. Kochani, 27.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – flowers. Kochani, 27.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – partial umbels with developing fruits and bracteoles. Kochani, 27.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – bracts. Kochani, 27.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – cauline leaf. Kochani, 27.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Tordylium apulum – basal leaf. Kochani, 27.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Matevski, V. 2005. Umbelliferae (key to genera), The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. I, Book 6. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1529–1534.
Micevski, K. 2005. Tordylium L. In Matevski, V. (ed.), The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. I, Book 6. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1643–1646.
Tutin, T. G. 1986. Tordylium L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 367.
Tutin, T. G. 1968. Umbelliferae (key to genera). In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 315–319.
Determined according to the botanical key provided by Chater in Tutin et al. (1980) and Jovanović- Dunjić in Josifović (1976).
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to West Siberia, Mongolia, North-Central China and West Himalaya; Yemen according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Habitat: Dry and open habitats- dry grasslands, clearings of oak forests and sparse oak woods.
Flowering period: Spring: MAR, APR.
Carex stenophylla – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Carex stenophylla – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Carex stenophylla – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – habit. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – leaf. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – stem and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – stem and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – stems and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – stems base. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – plant base with rhizome. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – plant base with rhizome. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – plant base with rhizome. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – rhizome. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Carex stenophylla – rhizome. Osogovo, hilly region between the villages of Pantelej and Rajchani, 22.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Carex L. Chater, A. O. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 290 – 323.
