Osogovo nature

Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée (syn. Cardaminopsis arenosa (L.) Hayek)

Taxonomy: Fam. Brassicaceae// Genus: Arabidopsis// Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Jones in Tutin et al. (1964) as Cardaminopsis arenosa (L.) Hayek, Fl. Steierm. 1: 478 (1908). The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase is Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée in Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 92: 242. 1960.

Reported for the first time for the flora of North Macedonia by Melovski and Hristovski (2015).

Lifeform: Annual or biennial.

Distribution: Native to Greenland and Europe according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Near rivers, pastures, edges of European beech forests – usually near mountain roads on disturbed and sandy ground.

Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – habit. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – flowers. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – side view of flowers (calyx). Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – developing fruit. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – upper part of stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* –lower part of stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – cauline leaf. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – stem with hairs. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – basal leaves. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – side view of flowers and developing fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – developing fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – habit during fruiting. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – side view of flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – fruit (siliqua). Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – siliquae. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – siliqua. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – lower part ofplant – stems with cauline leaves and plant base with basal leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – stems with cauline leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – lower part of stems and basal leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – cauline leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – stem with hairs. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – basal leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Arabidopsis arenosa* – basal leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:277940-1 [Accessed 27.04.2023].

Cardaminopsis (C. A. Meyer) Hayek. Jones, B.M.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 289- 290.

Melovski, Lj. and Hristovski, S. (2015). First records for seven species and one hybrid for the flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Forest Review 46, pp. 36 – 42. http://www.sf.ukim.mk/izdavacka_dejnost/sum_pregled/forest_review_46_print.pdf [Accessed 09.06.2023].

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Ranunculaceae// Genus: Thalictrum// Species: Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Tutin in Tutin et al. (1964) and Micevski (1985).

Lifeform: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Türkiye, Central Asia to China, Japan and Russian Far East according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Found in moist habitats – near mountain streams (Ponikva).

Flowering period: Early summer: JUN.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – developing inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – flower buds. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – side view of flowers and calyx. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – stipels of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – stem and leaf petiole with stipules. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Thalictrum aquilegiifolium* – achenes. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:714234-1 [Accessed 08.06.2022].

Thalictrum L. Micevski, K. (1985). The Flora of SR Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 1. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 147 – 152.

Thalictrum L. Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 240 – 242.

Last update: 05.01.2025.

Eriophorum angustifolium Honck.

Taxonomy: Fam. Cyperaceae// Genus: Eriophorum// Species: Eriophorum angustifolium Honck.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Jermy in Tutin et al. (1980).

Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to the Subarctic and Temperate Northern Hemisphere according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Open wet habitats – mountain streams at c. 1500 m altitude (Ponikva).

Flowering period: Early summer: JUN.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – inflorescence with spikelets and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – spikelets. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – spikelet. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – spikelets and bract. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – stem and leaf sheath. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – leaf sheath. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – lower part of flowering stem with cauline and basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – lower part of flowering stem with basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – basal leaves of vegetative shoot. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – adaxial side of basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – abaxial side of basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Eriophorum angustifolium* – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:307335-1 [Accessed 07.06.2023].

Eriophorum L. Jermy, A. C. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 280 – 281.

Stellaria alsine Grimm

Taxonomy: Fam. Caryophyllaceae// Genus: Stellaria// Species: Stellaria alsine Grimm.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Chater and Heywood in Tutin et al. (1964) and Micevski (1993).

Habitat: Wet habitats – wet grasslands, mountain streams and peat bogs starting at c. 1500 m altitude up the highest peaks.

Distribution: Native from East Canada to South East USA; Europe to West Siberia and Central Asia; Pakistan and India to China, Japan and Russian Far East; Malesia; Morocco according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Lifeform: Perennial, hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.

Flowering period: Late spring – summer: MAY, JUN.

*Stellaria alsine* – habit. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – flowering stems. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – flowering stem with inflorescence. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – flowering stem with inflorescence; abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – flowers. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – view of calyx. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – stems wth leaves. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – stem wth leaves. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – flowering stems. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – stem with inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – calyx of flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – spent flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – stem and leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – stem and abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Stellaria alsine* – stem. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Stellaria L. Chater, A.O. and Heywood, V.H. Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133 – 136.

Stellaria L. Micevski, K. (1993). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 2. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 246 – 249.

Stellaria alsine Grimm. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30197752-2 [Accessed 06.06.2023].

Last update: 18.08.2024.

Vicia sepium L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Fabaceae// Genus: Vicia// Species: Vicia sepium L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (2001) and Ball (1968 in Tutin et al.).

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Siberia, China and West Himalaya; Morocco according to the distribution information provided by The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 2010).

Habitat: Moist habitats in the European beech forests belt – near mountain streams, wet grasslands. Recorded from 900 to 1500 m altitude.

Flowering period: Summer (JUN, JUL).

Locality: Ponikva.

*Vicia sepium* – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Locality: “Shtalkovichka” River near the “Shtalkovica” waterfall.

*Vicia sepium* – habit. Osogovo – “Shtalkovichka” River, near the “Shtalkovica” waterfall, 13.04.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Ball, P. W. 1968. Vicia L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 129–136.

Micevski, K. 2001. Vicia L., The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 5. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1202–1231.

Vicia sepium L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:525130-1 [Accessed 06.06.2023].

Vicia sepium. The Euro+Med Plantbase. Source: 2010: ILDIS World Database of Legumes 2010. (copyright © ILDIS). https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/c285e6e9-1d04-4ff6-8fad-f3415c3d6b3e [Accessed 06.06.2023].

Last update: 15.04.2024.

Carex nigra (L.) Reichard

Taxonomy: Fam. Cyperaceae// Genus: Carex// Species: Carex nigra (L.) Reichard.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Chater in Tutin et al. (1980).

Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to Temperate Northern Hemisphere – Greenland, Eastern Canada to Northeast U.S.A. and Midwest U.S.A (Michigan); Europe to Russian Far East, Mongolia and Iran; East Himalaya; Northwest Africa- Morocco according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Wet habitats – sphagnum bogs, wet grasslands in the montane/subalpine region and mountain streams.

Flowering period: Late spring – early summer: MAY, JUN.

*Carex nigra* – habit in habitat. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – flowering stems with spikelets. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – stem with spikelets. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – male spikelet. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – female spikelets and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – female spikelets and bract. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – fruiting female spikelets and bract. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – fruiting female spikelets with utricles. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – adaxial side of bract. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – abaxial side of bract. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – stem and leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – leaf ligule. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – leaf sheath. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – vegetative shoot. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – base of stems with basal sheaths. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – basal sheaths. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – leaf sheaths. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – stem base and leaf sheaths. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – flowering stems. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – flowering stem. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – male spikelet. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – male spikelets. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – female spikelets and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – female spikelets. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex nigra* – leaf sheaths. Osogovo – Ponikva, 21.05.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Carex L. Chater, A. O. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 290 – 323.

Carex nigra (L.) Reichard. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30066383-2 [Accessed 06.06.2023].

Carex spicata Huds.

Taxonomy: Fam. Cyperaceae// Genus: Carex// Species: Carex spicata Huds.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Chater in Tutin et al. (1980) and Koopman and Więcław (2017).

Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to Madeira, Europe to Iran, Altay (Russia) according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Clearings of oak forests, grasslands.

Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.

*Carex spicata* – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – flowering stems. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – inflorescence with spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – utricles. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – stems and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – stem and abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – ligule. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – stam base with basal sheaths. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – basal sheath. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – roots. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – root. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex spicata* – spikelets. Upper row – adaxial side of spikelets, lower row – abaxial side of spikelets and spikelets with glumes. Scale in mm. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Carex spicata Huds. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:302345-1 [Accessed 06.06.2023].

Koopman, J. and Więcław, H. (2017). The section Phaestoglochin (Carex, Cyperaceae) in the Netherlands. Gorteria – Dutch Botanical Archives 39, pp. 79 – 87. https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/639330 [Accessed 06.06.2023].

Carex pallescens L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Cyperaceae// Genus: Carex// Species: Carex pallescens L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Chater in Tutin et al. (1980).

Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Central Asia and Iran; East Canada to North Central and Northeast U.S.A. according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Damp habitats- wet grasslands, mountain streams.

Flowering period: Late spring- early summer: MAY, JUN.

Carex *pallescens* – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – stem with spikelets. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – male and female spikelets. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – male spikele. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – female spikelets. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – female spikelet with utricles; bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – female spikelet with utricles; bract. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – bract. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – adaxial and abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

Carex *pallescens* – basal sheaths. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Carex pallescens L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:301409-1 [Accessed 05.06.2023].

Carex distans L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Cyperaceae// Genus: Carex// Species: Carex distans L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Chater in Tutin et al. (1980) and Jovanović- Dunjić in Josifović (1976).

Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to the Azores, Europe, Mediterranean to Iran, Arabian peninsula and Eritrea; North-Central China to Japan according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Damp places – near rivers and streams.

Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.

*Carex distans* – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – stems with male and female spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – stem with male and female spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – male spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – female spikelet and bract. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – lowest female spikelet and bract. The bract is shorter than the inflorescence. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – fruiting female spikelet with utricles and sheath of bract. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – female spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – female spikelet and adaxial side of bract. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – female spikelet and abaxial side of bract. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – fruiting female spikelet with utricles. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – fruiting female spikelet with utricles, peduncle and sheath of bract. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – peduncle of female spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – lowest female spikelet. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – adaxial side of bract. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – abaxial side of bract. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – stems and leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – basal and cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – basal leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – stem base and basal sheaths. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Carex distans* – utricles (scale in mm) and beak under magnification. Osogovo, hilly region near village of Beli, 02.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Carex distans L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:299497-1 [Accessed 05.06.2023].

Poa trivialis subsp. sylvicola (Guss.) H. Lindb.

Taxonomy: Fam. Poaceae// Genus: Poa// Species: Poa trivialis L.// Subspecies: Poa trivialis subsp. sylvicola (Guss.) H. Lindb.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Edmondson in Tutin et al. (1980).

Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Poa trivialis L. is native to Macaronesia, North Africa and Temperate Eurasia according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Open habitats- grasslands, edges of woods.

Flowering period: Late spring – early summer: MAY, JUN.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – habit. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – panicles. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – panicle branches with spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – panicle branch with spikelets. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – lowest panicle branches. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – stems and cauline leaves. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – ligule. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – leaf sheath. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – plant base. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – root and stolon. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – moniliform stolon. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – moniliform stolons. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – roots and moniliform stolons. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – panicle. Scale in cm/mm. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – size of spikelets. Scale in mm. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – branch, spikelet and elements of floret. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

*Poa trivialis* subsp. *sylvicola* – the ligule of the uppermost leaf is min. 5 mm long. Scale in mm. Osogovo, hilly region near the village of Beli, 01.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Poa L. Edmondson, J. R. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 159 – 167.

Poa trivialis L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320346-2 [Accessed 03.06.2023].