Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens (Willd.) Maire ex DeFilipps

Taxonomy: Fam. Lamiaceae// Genus: Phlomis// Species: Phlomis herba-venti L.// Subspecies: Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens (Willd.) Maire ex DeFilipps.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Matevski (2021) and DeFilipps (1972 in Tutin et al.).

Lifeform: Perennial plant. Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Southeast and East Europe to Iran, Northwest Africa according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Hill pastures, disturbed ground, roadsides.

Flowering period: Summer (JUN, JUL).

Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – habit. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – habit. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – habit. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – flowering stems with vericillasters. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – flowering stems with vericillasters. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – flowering stem with vericillasters. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – vericillaster with flowers and floral leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – vericillaster with flowers and floral leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – vericillaster with flowers and floral leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – vericillaster with flowers. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – stems and caulin leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – cauline leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – lower part of stem with lower cauline leaves and basal leaves. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – basal leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Svilanovo region between the villages of Rajchani and Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

DeFilipps, R. A. 1972. Phlomis L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 144–145.

Matevski, V. 2021. Phlomis L., The Flora of the RN Macedonia. Vol II, Book 2. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, pp. 243–246.

Phlomis herba–venti subsp. pungens. The Euro+Med Plantbase. Source: 2010: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2010), copyright © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/d7a33278-a4f0-48d1-9563-d39d84fbbfe2 [Accessed 15.06.2023].

Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens (Willd.) Maire ex DeFilipps. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:884076-1 [Accessed 15.06.2023].

Oenanthe silaifolia M. Bieb.

Taxonomy: Apiaceae// Genus: Oenanthe// Species: Oenanthe silaifolia M. Bieb.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Cook (1968 in Tutin at al.) and Micevski, Kostadinovski and Matevski (2005 in Matevski).

Lifeform: Perrenial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from West and Central Europe to Ukraine, the Mediterranean, Iran and Uzbekistan according to the distribution information provided by Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Edges and clearings of woods, near roads, moist places – near rivers.

Flowering period: Late spring – summer: MAY, JUN.

Oenanthe silaifolia – habit. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – habit. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – habit. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – habit. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – habit. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – inflorescences – flowering and fruiting umbels. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – inflorescence- umbel. Bracts absent or single bract present. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – inflorescence – umbel. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – inflorescence – umbel. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – inflorescence – umbel. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – partial umbels with flowers. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – partial umbel with flowers. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – partial umbel with flowers. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – partial umbel with flowers. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – rays and partial umbels with bracteoles. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – ray and partial umbel with bracteoles. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – ray and partial umbel with bracteoles. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – peduncle and rays. Bracts absent or single bract present. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – peduncle, rays and bract. Bracts absent or single bract present. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – partial umbel with fruits. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – partial umbel with fruits. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – partial umbel with fruits. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – partial umbel with fruits. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – stem and upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – stems and cauline leaves. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – stem and lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – stem and abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – lower part of plant stem and plant base. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – basal leaf. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – stem base and tubers. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – tuber. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Oenanthe silaifolia – marginal fruits with thickened pedicels and sessile fruits from the centre of the partial umbel. Osogovo – between the Svilanovo region and the village of Spanchevo, 11.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Cook, C. D. K. 1968. Oenanthe L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (ed.), Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 338–339.

Micevski, K., Kostadinovski, M. & Matevski, V. 2005. Oenanthe L. In Matevski, V. (ed.), The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Vol. I, Book 6. Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1578–1583.

Oenanthe silaifolia M.Bieb. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:845379-1 [Accessed 15.06.2023].

Oenanthe silaifolia. Hand, R. 2011+: Apiaceae. – In: Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published at https://europlusmed.org/. https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/2a849c40-6e8b-4d7d-ab08-30039b16547e [Accessed 09.01.2026].

Last update: 09.01.2026.

Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. (syn. Crataegus curvisepala Lindman)

Taxonomy: Fam. Rosaceae// Genus:  Crataegus// Species: Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Djekov in Micevski (1998) as Crataegus curvisepala Lindman, Svensk Fanerogamfl. 307, t 189 (1918) = C. calycina Petermann subsp. curvisepala (Lindman) Franco, Feddes Repert. 79: 39 (1968). The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Kurtto, 2009+) is Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 18: 447. 1872.

Lifeform: Perrenial; a shrub or small tree – microphanerophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Türkiye and Caucasus according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Kurtto, 2009+).

Habitat:  Edges of forests.

Flowering period:  Late spring – early summer: MAY, JUN.

Crataegus rhipidophylla  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – flowering branches. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – flowering branches. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – flowers. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – flower. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – flowers. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – flower. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – flower. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – side view of flowers – calyx and hypanthium and pedicels. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – pedicels. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – long and short branches. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – leaves of short branches. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – leaves of short branch. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – long branch (twig). Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – stem of twig and stipules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – crown with branches. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – trunk. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – trunk. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – fruits. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – fruit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – fruit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – fruit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – branch with leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Crataegus rhipidophylla  – stem of long branch. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Crataegus L. Djekov, S. in Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 1022 – 1027.

Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:724131-1 [Accessed 10.06.2023].

Last update: 19.06.2024.

Euphorbia epithymoides L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Euphorbiaceae// Genus: Euphorbia// Species: Euphorbia epithymoides L.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Smith and Tutin in Tutin at al. (1968) and Micevski (1998).

Lifeform: Perennial; hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.

Distribution: Native to Italy, Central and Southeast Europe to Türkiye, Libya according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Edges and clearings of forests.

Flowering period: Spring- early summer: MAY, JUN.

Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – inflorescence – umbel with cyathia. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – inflorescence – umbel with cyathia. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – inflorescence – umbel with cyathia. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – inflorescence – umbel with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – umbel – rays with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray with cyathia and rayet-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – capsules. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – rays and ray-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – ray-leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – stems with leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – stems with leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – stems with leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – stem. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – stems with adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – size of cauline leaves. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – size of ray-leaves. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – size of capsules. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – longitudinal section of capsules with developing seeds. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Euphorbia epithymoides  – immature seeds. Scale in cm/mm. specimen from Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Euphorbia epithymoides L. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:346404-1 [Accessed 10.06.2023].

Euphorbia L. Micevski, K. (1998). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 846 – 876.

Euphorbia L. Smith, A.R. and Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1968). Flora Europaea. Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 213 – 226.

Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce

Taxonomy: Fam. Orchidaceae// Genus: Cephalanthera// Species: Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Moore in Tutin et al. (1980).

Distribution: Native to Northwest Africa, Europe to Iran, Bhutan to China (Yunnan) according to the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Edges of forests.

Lifeform: Perrenial; geophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Flowering period: Early summer: JUN.

Cephalanthera damasonium  – habit. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalanthera damasonium  – inflorescence. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalanthera damasonium  – flowers. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalanthera damasonium  – flower. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalanthera damasonium  – flower. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalanthera damasonium  – flower. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalanthera damasonium  – lowest bract and ovary of subtended flower. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalanthera damasonium  – upper leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalanthera damasonium  – stem and leaves. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalanthera damasonium  – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Cephalanthera damasonium  – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo, region between the village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region) and Visoka chuka, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:622369-1 [Accessed 09.06.2023].

Cephalanthera L. C. M. Richard. Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 328 – 329.

Hypericum barbatum Jacq.

Taxonomy: Fam. Clusiaceae// Genus: Hypericum// Species: Hypericum barbatum Jacq. The classification is given according to The Euro+Med PlanBase (source: Marhold, 2011+).

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (1995).

Lifeform: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from South Central Europe to Italy and the Balkan Peninsula according to the distribution information by The Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and The Euro+Med PlanBase (source: Marhold, 2011+).

Habitat:  Meadows and pastures.

Flowering period: Summer: JUN, JUL.

Hypericum barbatum – habit. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – habit. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – habit. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – inflorescence. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – flower. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – flowers and flower buds. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – flower. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – flower and flower buds. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – flowers and flower buds. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – flowers and flower buds. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – side view of flowers and calyx. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – side view of flowers and calyx. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – side view of flowers and calyx. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – side view of flowers and calyx. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – side view of flower buds and calyx. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – side view of flower buds and calyx. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – flower buds. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – stems with leaves Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – stems with leaves. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – stem and leaves. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – stem and leaves. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Hypericum barbatum – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Visoka chuka” region between Ponikva and Ratkova skala, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Hypericum barbatum Jacq. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:433241-1 [Accessed 26.03.2022].

Hypericum barbatum. Marhold, K. (2011+): Clusiaceae. – In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the Internet https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/bfb17144-57d8-484d-8eae-d78a0a72f7d7 [Accessed 09.06.2023].

Hypericum L. Micevski, K. (1995). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 3. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 484 – 501.

Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée (syn. Cardaminopsis arenosa (L.) Hayek)

Taxonomy: Fam. Brassicaceae// Genus: Arabidopsis// Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Jones in Tutin et al. (1964) as Cardaminopsis arenosa (L.) Hayek, Fl. Steierm. 1: 478 (1908). The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase is Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée in Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 92: 242. 1960.

Reported for the first time for the flora of North Macedonia by Melovski and Hristovski (2015).

Lifeform: Annual or biennial.

Distribution: Native to Greenland and Europe according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Near rivers, pastures, edges of European beech forests – usually near mountain roads on disturbed and sandy ground.

Flowering period: Spring: APR, MAY.

Arabidopsis arenosa – habit. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – habit. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – flowers. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – flowers. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – flowers. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – side view of flowers (calyx). Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – side view of flowers (calyx). Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – developing fruit. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – upper part of stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa –lower part of stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – cauline leaf. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – stem with hairs. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – stem with hairs. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – basal leaves. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – basal leaves. Osogovo – near the artificial waterfall on “Golema” River near lake Gradche, 30.04.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – side view of flowers and developing fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – developing fruits. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – habit during fruiting. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – habit during fruiting. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – habit during fruiting. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – side view of flowers. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – fruit (siliqua). Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – siliquae. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – siliqua. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – siliqua. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – siliqua. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – siliqua. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – lower part ofplant – stems with cauline leaves and plant base with basal leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – stems with cauline leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – lower part of stems and basal leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – cauline leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – cauline leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – cauline leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – stem with hairs. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – basal leaves. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – basal leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Arabidopsis arenosa – basal leaf. Osogovo – near village of Ratkovica (Ratkova skala region), 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée. Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:277940-1 [Accessed 27.04.2023].

Cardaminopsis (C. A. Meyer) Hayek. Jones, B.M.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 289- 290.

Melovski, Lj. and Hristovski, S. (2015). First records for seven species and one hybrid for the flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Forest Review 46, pp. 36 – 42. http://www.sf.ukim.mk/izdavacka_dejnost/sum_pregled/forest_review_46_print.pdf [Accessed 09.06.2023].

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L.

Taxonomy: Fam. Ranunculaceae// Genus: Thalictrum// Species: Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Tutin in Tutin et al. (1964) and Micevski (1985).

Lifeform: Perennial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native from Europe to Türkiye, Central Asia to China, Japan and Russian Far East according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat:  Found in moist habitats – near mountain streams (Ponikva).

Flowering period: Early summer: JUN.

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – developing inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – flower buds. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – side view of flowers and calyx. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – upper cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – stem and cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – lower cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – adaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – stipels of leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – stem and leaf petiole with stipules. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – stem and leaf petiole with stipules. Osogovo – Ponikva, 08.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – fruiting inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – achenes. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – achenes. Osogovo – Ponikva, 15.06.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:714234-1 [Accessed 08.06.2022].

Thalictrum L. Micevski, K. (1985). The Flora of SR Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 1. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 147 – 152.

Thalictrum L. Tutin, T.G. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 240 – 242.

Last update: 05.01.2025.

Eriophorum angustifolium Honck.

Taxonomy: Fam. Cyperaceae// Genus: Eriophorum// Species: Eriophorum angustifolium Honck.

Determined according to the botanical key provided by Jermy in Tutin et al. (1980).

Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.

Distribution: Native to the Subarctic and Temperate Northern Hemisphere according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Habitat: Open wet habitats – mountain streams at c. 1500 m altitude (Ponikva).

Flowering period: Early summer: JUN.

Eriophorum angustifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – inflorescence with spikelets and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – inflorescence with spikelets and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – inflorescence with spikelets and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – inflorescence with spikelets and bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – spikelets. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – spikelet. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – spikelet. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – spikelets and bract. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – spikelets and bract. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – spikelets and bract. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – bracts. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – stem with cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – adaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – abaxial side of cauline leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – stem and leaf sheath. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – leaf sheath. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – leaf sheath. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – lower part of flowering stem with cauline and basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – lower part of flowering stem with basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – basal leaves of vegetative shoot. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – basal leaves of vegetative shoot. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – adaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – adaxial side of basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – abaxial side of basal leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Eriophorum angustifolium – abaxial side of basal leaf. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:307335-1 [Accessed 07.06.2023].

Eriophorum L. Jermy, A. C. in Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 280 – 281.

Stellaria alsine Grimm

Taxonomy: Fam. Caryophyllaceae// Genus: Stellaria// Species: Stellaria alsine Grimm.

Determined according to the botanical keys provided by Chater and Heywood in Tutin et al. (1964) and Micevski (1993).

Habitat: Wet habitats – wet grasslands, mountain streams and peat bogs starting at c. 1500 m altitude up the highest peaks.

Distribution: Native from East Canada to South East USA; Europe to West Siberia and Central Asia; Pakistan and India to China, Japan and Russian Far East; Malesia; Morocco according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).

Lifeform: Perennial, hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiaer system.

Flowering period: Late spring – summer: MAY, JUN.

Stellaria alsine – habit. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – flowering stems. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – flowering stems. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – flowering stem with inflorescence. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – flowering stem with inflorescence; abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – flowers. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – flowers. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – view of calyx. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – stems wth leaves. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – stem wth leaves. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – stem wth leaves. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – abaxial side of leaf. Osogovo – “Markova stupka” region near “Carev vrv” peak, 24.05.2024. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – flowering stems. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – stem with inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – inflorescence. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – calyx of flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – calyx of flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – spent flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – stem and leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – stem and leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – stem and abaxial side of leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
Stellaria alsine – stem. Osogovo – Ponikva, 04.06.2023. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.

References:

Stellaria L. Chater, A.O. and Heywood, V.H. Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1964). Flora Europaea. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133 – 136.

Stellaria L. Micevski, K. (1993). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. 1, Book 2. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, pp. 246 – 249.

Stellaria alsine Grimm. Plants of the World Online portal, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30197752-2 [Accessed 06.06.2023].

Last update: 18.08.2024.